Saturday, August 31, 2019

Brunos Change Essay the Boy in the Stripped Pyjamas

How does Bruno grow and change in the novel, if at all? Bruno does grow and change in the book but slowly; it is only in the end that he truly evolves. Does he change when he moves to Out-With? And the first time he sees the camp, does he see it for what it is? When he meets Shmuel that’s when he really changes. The writer has Bruno change so he develops personality. This is important because you need to get to know him when you read the book. Bruno does change a little bit when he moves to Out-With. He does get bored more easily (which anyone would if you had to move to the middle of nowhere) and he feels sad that he had to move away from his friends. So Bruno does change but it’s hardly noticeable. When Bruno first sees the camp he doesn’t know what it is. It is only near the end when he goes inside that he actually sees that it’s a cruel, dirty and racist place. Gretel is also confused by it at first, â€Å"A group of children being shouted at by soldiers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœIt must be a rehearsal’ suggested Gretel† (page 37) this shows how clueless she was but then later in the book she knows what it’s all about. When Bruno meets Shmuel he changes massively. He starts to forget what his three friends were called. He understands things more. But the main thing to make him change was FRIENDSHIP! Without friendship he wouldn’t have changed. When he finally sees the camp for what it is he changes in a way not many people would. When he dies he holds hands with Shmuel. That is true friendship. â€Å"He took hold of Shmuel’s tiny hand in his and squeezed it tight ‘You’re my best friend Shmuel, my best friend for life’†¦and despite all the chaos that followed, Bruno found he was still holding Shmuel’s hand and nothing in the world would have persuaded him to let go. † So Bruno Does grow and change throughout whole book. But in the end it was friendship that really changed him.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Ban Firecrackers

Diwali is celebrated with great vigour all across the nation. Bursting firecrackers is a tradition on Diwali. Diwali is also known as Deepavali in India. Firecrackers! Just the term creates joy and excitement in one’s mind. The heart flutters with thrill and enthusiasm developed by the sight those colorful showers and sparkles from the fireworks in the sky. But is it all about fun? Have you ever wondered how many harmful effects and disadvantages do these fireworks create for the environment?. It is yours, theirs and everyone’s duty to take care of the environment, fellow humans and other living beings. You may wonder why and how.You may be having a great time celebrating and enjoying, bursting those boisterous fireworks. But it need not be the same for the others around you! What about your neighbors? Your neighbor could be sick, or many may have an important appointment the next day. He/she could also be having a test or an exam the next morning and they may need some rest. Burning firecrackers late at night at odd hours disturbs everyone living in that community and disturb their sleep and make them less concentrated in their next day.Firecrackers produce very high level of sound and the vibrations can travel over a long distance. These are sometimes over 140 decibels! A human ear can bear a maximum of 85 decibels. Sounds above this limit create disability in hearing and causes permanent damage to the ears. Firecrackers when burnt release a large amount of very tiny toxic particles that can easily enter our lungs and damage the respiratory system. The smoke from firecrackers contain sulfur compounds, heavy metals and other toxic chemicals and harmful fumes of gases such as sulfur dioxide, ozone etc,. People with asthma, multiple chemical sensitivity and other breathing problems suffer largely due to the toxic emissions from these fireworks.Crackers are unnoticeably affecting all of us. We should understand what it’s doing & how itâ€℠¢ll threaten our very existence in future. Governments should take it very seriously & should: †¢ban the production of crackers †¢enforce laws on its production, sales, use, & advertisement †¢popularize the idea of not using crackers among publicThere’re a lot of causes of global warming & pollution. All the other sources are important for our living despite their ill effects. But cracker is absolutely nothing more than garbage. Be smart, be civilized, use your knowledge, don’t worry about what others think, don’t care about society, & DON’T USE CRACKER.Let each one of us take a pledge this Diwali to say NO to firecrackers and invest in a safer and greener future. Diwali is the festival of lights and we must enlighten our lives with the sparkle of joy and goodwill, forget past grievances and look ahead towards a brighter and happier future.

Sharing a Room Is Difficult

Sharing a room is difficult. Having a younger sister means mess, mess, and more mess. I try to arrange things a certain way and find them completely changed by the time I get home at the end of the day. Despite the downsides of sharing, I love my room because of the way it has changed throughout the years. The first thing you notice as you enter my bedroom is the blue stars on the white walls, and the cherry laminated wood flooring. The size of the room is not big neither small, just average sized. There is only one window which is on the far right corner, which lets the sunlight in every morning. We have a big mirror on the side facing the dresser and my bed. My bed is my favorite thing in my room. After a long day of studying or working out I get to relax on a soft, comfortable, full sized bed. It has a Dodger blue colored comforter set, and about a dozen pillows. There are usually two to three college books laying there for unfinished homework. Space for me is important. I like to have everything in place and very clean. My biggest obstacle is having enough room for my clothes in the closet. Everything is arranged into shirts, sweaters, and coats on one side; and jeans or sweats on the other. Workout shoes, tennis shoes, and heels are all nicely put on the bottom according to color. Movie nights are usually held at my house and in my room so I have a variety of comedies, action, and thriller movies. My all time favorites include: Gone in Sixty Seconds, Crash, A Walk to Remember, and Love and Basketball. I also have an Xbox in my room for when my brother wants to play Call of Duty. The television is my wakeup call every morning. I have a bookshelf filled with about thirty books. Some from high school other’s just for my enjoyment. I enjoy reading books other people recommend or books that grab my attention. Some of my favorite books you will definitely find on the top shelf are: Dear John, The Lovely Bones, and My Sister’s Keeper. I would usually get home and read for about half an hour on my warm and cozy bed.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Death Penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Cases can be located in Australia (New South Wales) under the 1997 Young Offenders Law, as well as in New Zealand’s Family Act of 1989 (Woolf, 2008). In 2006, John Pears, then 21 years old, was forgiven by the family of a victim for being involved in the death of their third-born, 22 years old, son, Peter Jackson (Marzilli, 2008). John was driving the car the two were in while seriously drunk after having a night out at a nearby club in their Columbus-located, Ohio, residence. The two were involved in an horrible accident and Jackson ended up losing his life. After various court deliberations, John was sentenced to 10 years in prison for driving under the influence and also causing the death of Jackson. However, it was later established that Jackson was the one that persuaded John to get drunk and forced him to drive him home while drunk. The victim’s family was left with no other option but to forgive John for the mistake. What I am trying to bring out by giving out th is case is that there are always two sides to a story. One might argue that John deserved a death sentence and nothing else, but he was not the main cause of the accident. This might be the case in the inmate in topic, as well. Therefore, it would be better if the victim’s family considered listening to the side of the inmate. Also, not matter the case, such an endeavor by the victim to approach one of the members of the victim’s family is totally an invasion of privacy (Gaie, 2012). However, there are lawful ways that the inmate could have tried so that the family could be aware that the inmate wants to talk to them. A legal means could be much easier and it would ensure that no wrangles came up the way they are now (Kronenwetter, 2010). With regards...The inmate who is considered to have commit murder was given a death sentence pleaded to meet with the family of the victim in order to explain the truth of the matter. It was as if the inmate was seeking the forgivenes s of the victim’s family. Now, as much as the victim’s family considers it an offence that the inmate even thought about approaching them, they should be aware that there are some laws, which allow the victim to make such a loom. I come from the same family and it is easy to understand what the members are going through after losing one of their own. Seeking to explain to the family what truly took place in order for them to have sympathy on the inmate will certainly not bring back the victim. However, some of the laws that the family should consider include restorative justice, inmate forgiveness and right to privacy. The family should be aware of the family group conferencing. The victim’s family is allowed to conduct a family group conference with the inmate since the victim cannot be incorporated in the meeting. Even though, such cases are normally prevalent in juvenile cases, it is permitted in such a matter because the victim is diseased and the family is the one filling the suite. Cases can be located in Australia under the 1997 Young Offenders Law, as well as in New Zealand’s Family Act of 1989.With regards to various theories of mortal, values and consequences, the family should be aware that the inmate is also human and listening to his or her views are the most considerate they can do.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Illegal Immigration in Los Angeles in the 1980's Essay

Illegal Immigration in Los Angeles in the 1980's - Essay Example These new immigrants arrived in a new country possessing little more than what they could carry on their back. They were challenged in many ways including their legal status, yet were able to make significant social, cultural, and economic contributions. This paper will discuss the lives of these undocumented workers during the 1980's and present the dynamic changes that resulted from their arrival. It will present the view that the cultural and demographic landscape of Los Angeles was shaped by these illegals, and has had a continuing effect on California as well as the United States. The life of an illegal immigrant began as soon they approached the United States and prepared to cross the border. Often they would be met by angry mobs, riots, gunfire and chaos (Custred). Once across the border they would continue to confront racism, exploitation, and a hostile political environment. Though they would be outcast socially from mainstream society, there was an emerging labor market eager for cheap and reliable workers. It was no coincidence that the rise in illegal immigration during the 1980s coincided with a rise in the demand for cheap labor during the same period (Morales and Ong). Because the undocumented workers were here primarily for employment, their lives centered around and were greatly influenced by the work they performed. These jobs were almost universally at the bottom of the pay scale in unskilled occupations such as household help or farm worker. With no legal status, limited English skills, and no formal education, these illegals were destined to t he life of poverty and hardship that they were trying to escape. The immigrants would most often settle together or would be herded into a group by social necessity. Farm workers would band together to share expertise and form groups that would follow the crop that currently needed planting or harvested. They would work the lettuce fields, the vineyards, and fruit groves as the season demanded. This constant travel was especially rough on the children. Forced to move from school to school they were able to obtain at best a sub-standard education. Often they were needed in the fields when not attending class and the simple pleasures of childhood were not available to the child of an illegal migrant worker. Sometimes the missed pleasure would be as simple as being able to sleep late on the weekends. For the immigrants that worked in the domestic business, the canneries, and the processing plants, life was more stable. Yet with this stability came a new set of problems. Unable to escape the poverty of low wages, they would endure cramped quarters, high rent, and substandard conditions. Acuna tells of the mounting stress of living as he tells of a child's experience living in these conditions. "Ten year old Yuri de Paz wakes up each morning in a cramped Pico-Union apartment she shares with eight other family members, and walks to school through a Los Angeles neighborhood that is so dangerous that police have barricaded it to keep drug dealers out..." (291). The difficulty of raising a family under impoverished conditions while struggling to earn a living was only one of the challenges that faced the undocumented workers. The inability to speak and write English presented another obstacle to

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Education as an Important Quality Essential for Professional Success Assignment

Education as an Important Quality Essential for Professional Success - Assignment Example It is clear from the paper that education is the most important quality to achieving professional success and satisfaction because it improves workers’ prospects. This essay will discuss three main points about why education is the key to professional success: what education actually is, why it is so important, and the ways in which it affects workers’ lives. Education can be defined as anything that teaches a person something that they were unaware of or did not know beforehand. There are many ways to receive education, but the most obvious one is by attending some form of higher education, either a prestigious college or university. For workers who are too busy to take time off work, they may prefer to take classes part-time until they complete their degree. However, paying for an education can be rather expensive, so this option is not always readily available. In that case, education can be gained from outside sources, usually close friends or family members, or eve n personal experiences. Other people are a great source of knowledge because they can provide insight into a certain situation. As long as a worker can trust the advice that they receive, then this is a good way to be educated in ways that are unfamiliar. Another way to learn is through personal experience. ... To have an aspiration to do better than previous generations did is something that must come from within. The will to actually improve one’s ability to think and process information is not present in too many workers. Given a choice, many workers would rather stay and earn a pittance where they are currently employed rather than stepping out and taking a risk by educating themselves further. The benefits of pursuing education are many, but the most obvious one is that is wage prospects are increased. Because an employee is more qualified and has greater skills, he or she can command a greater wage. This should not be the sole purpose of wanting to pursue higher educati on, but it is one of the most tangible. Besides the benefits mentioned above, education can also contribute in other areas towards professional success. One of the most overlooked benefits of education is that it can transform someone’s personality by making them more outgoing. This is often surprising, but education can improve a person’s confidence because they now have the ability to articulate for themselves in the presence of their peers. On the other hand, if a worker rejects the idea of education as being essential to professional success or satisfaction, then they are obviously not motivated enough to improve themselves. They would rather remain an incompetent worker who feels safe knowing that their future will be solid if not unspectacular. This is a particularly worrying sign when a worker does not want to climb up the corporate ladder. What is wrong with wanting to increase one’s wealth and success?

Monday, August 26, 2019

Science and Religion Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Science and Religion Debate - Essay Example Further, as backed philosopher such as Enstein and Aristotle, argued that only two sorts of things could illustrate the starting point of space, time, matter and vitality – either unique protests or brains and abstract articles dont result in impacts, yet psyches do reason impacts. In the film, Craig also asserts that a psyche is the best description for the beginning of the universe because of the outlandish adequacy of science, the underlying structure of nature is numerical – math is material to nature, mathematical items can either be theoretical articles or valuable fiction, either path, and that there is no motivation to want that nature ought to be connected to extract items or fictions. However, people need to understand that a perfect personality that needs people to comprehend nature is a finer demonstration for what we see due to the grandiose tweaking for the presence of wise life. Craig just like Descartes argues that there are two sorts of finely-tuned beg inning conditions because of Cosmological constants amounts which must be set inside a tight go so as to allow shrewd life, demonstrations for this perception and law, risk or configuration. Further, law is rejected on the grounds that they are placed in at the starting or matter – they dont rise up out of make a difference. He challenged Krauss by asserting that the chance must be rejected, in light of the fact that they chances are simply excessively long unless you engage a world-outfit because we dont watch what the world outfit theory predicts that we ought to watch and design is the best illustration for finely-tuned constants and amounts. Therefore, the presence of destination good values and obligations and our knowledge of ethical quality (qualities and obligations) is that it is genuine and occupant on us when somebody goes into a classroom and shoots at guiltless kids, that is impartially off. On naturalism, good values and good obligations

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Decision in paradise part II Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Decision in paradise part II - Case Study Example The People of Kava settle down but within a short while, they are quickly disoriented by yet another catastrophe that they all too well expected to happen. Our company is here to improve the well being of the people of Kava. The already established company intends to change the island a found paradise. It is so lost in a series of confusing and intertwined events to realize that it is a have by itself. The majority of Kava Island's population is aged 15 years and below. It is a culturally diverse island with a combination of people with 50% coming from indigenous tribes, French, Americans, Africans, and Spanish. The people of Kava are basically of indigenous belief. As a matter of, 50% of the people have an indigenous faith while the rest is a mixture of English, French and Spanish. The main economic activity is farming of spices, cocoa bananas and coffee. They also are involved in extraction of petroleum. The company will step by step take full advantage of these terrible disasters in Kava and turn them into opportunities. Whatever it is that we have to do however must be beneficial to both our company and the population of kava. After all, that's what intelligent business people do. As on employee of this company, I will have to adopt a decision making model that will help me turning this around. The main source of our strength is that the management of t... It is particularly impressed by the company's progress and development. The organization is efficient in all the operative departments, this includes the HR, Finance, Strategic planning, Marketing among others. The organizational structure and process is also reputable. For instance, the departments are decentralized for fast and effective decision, making. The threat is mainly the catastrophic nature f this land. Projects can be cut short or even destroyed try the numerous natural disasters. This however is our greatest opportunity as we will capitalize on re-carpeting, renovating and rebuilding the mess left behind by the calamities. Our only weakness is the workforce we have. The employees are not well versed with disaster management; the workers also require more expertise. To make a greater impact in the island and reap even more benefits, the company's human resources department intends to recruit more workers who must also be experienced. Various training and development measures will be put in place to empower the employees that we are currently having. To implement this the manager in the human resources department will organize for both on-the-job and off-the-job training. The employees who are based in the technical departments will be scheduled for on-the-job training while the rest will settle for seminars, workshops and other forms of training. To motivate the workers, the management will make a point of consulting them when doing the performance appraisal; they will also be consulted when making important decisions. To ensure that they do not resist organizational change, the workers will be involved actively in proposing the necessary changes in the company's management, strategic options and business expansion. In

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Micro economics 300 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Micro economics 300 - Essay Example This information is enough to draw the demand curve of this product because we have got three points. For example, p1=8 and q1=4; p2=6 and q2= 6; p3=4 and q3=8. This will appear on a graph as shown below (d) Tax imposition will increase the price of good 2. This will have a negative effect on good 2 because it will reduce its demand. This means it will affect the demand equation of good 2. Suppliers will transfer the tax on good 2 to customers in form of increased price of good 2. As per assumption ii, the good has a positive cross elasticity of demand i.e. more than one. This implies if the price of substitute goods increases, the demand of good x increases and the reverse is true. According to assumption iii, good x has got positive income elasticity of demand. That is the good is income elastic. If the disposable income of a consumer increases its demand increases and if it reduces, the demand will also reduce. (b) (i) Implies that the good is price elastic - if its price is reduced, there will be an increase in the quantity demanded, and if the price is increased, there will be a decrease in the quantity demanded. (ii) implies that if the customer’s disposable income increases the quantity demanded increases and vice versa. (iii Implies that if the price of substitute products increases, the quantity demanded for this product will increase and vice versa. A monopoly firm is never a price taker as in the case of perfect competition market. It has powers to set prices at the profit maximizing level. This occurs where the marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). Moving vertically to the demand curve, this will dictate the price and the quantity produced. Monopolies therefore end up making abnormal profits. Perfect competition market is price taker. This means that the forces of supply and demand dictate the price of

Friday, August 23, 2019

Pleasant Manor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pleasant Manor - Essay Example Some states enacted the policy of PPS on nursing homes where the medical providers are paid based on how severely ill the patients are rather than the volume of services provided to the patient (Griffin, 1995). The medical reimbursement provided was not enough to provide an incentive for medical providers to retain patients during subacute phase recovery. SNF was reimbursed with cost limits, the total amount needed to treat subacute patient normally goes beyond the SNF cost limit. This means that the amount dispersed for treating heavy care or subacute were inadequate. There are several theories of organizational behavior and communication that could have assisted PM from collapsing, one of it is structuration theory, this theory was developed by Anthony Giddens (Andrew, Richard, and Catherine, 1989). In this theory, leaders make decisions and choices that can limit what can be done in an organization. The decision to introduce PPS did not work well with the medical providers and it limited the choices of PM, but with proper communication, the organization could have updated their types of equipment and introduce other people with new ideas and innovative programs to drive the organization. The management should have come up with the meaningful solution to the complex problem facing the organization using innovative technological solution that could have provided answers to the problems facing PM. According to Douglas McGregor, there are two types of organizational behavior theories, these are theory x and theory Y. in theory X the manager believes that the workers are lazy and cannot be trusted, in theory, Y, the managers believe that the workers are trustworthy and capable of assuming responsibility (Andrew, Richard, and Catherine, 1989). This theory could have been important in PM since it could have promoted management understanding of employees’ motivation.

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Skeletal System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Skeletal System - Research Paper Example 2. Differentiate between the processes of bone growth by length and width. 3. After a recent visit to her doctor, Gina was told that she has early signs of osteoporosis. The doctor recommended she participate in low impact exercises to strengthen her bones. Based on your reading, define osteoporosis and explain how low impact exercises will improve Gina's bone density and strength. 4. Explain the function of bone marrow and its importance in individuals with blood loss or decreased efficiency. 5. George is going in for laser treatment to his lower back. George has been experiencing pain running down his right leg for the past few weeks and has forced him to stay home from work for the past week. He hurt his back when he twisted and bent to the side to pick up some heavy lumber. Based on the case information, describe the injury that George sustained and the structures involved. 1. In cases such as car crashed, potential injuries that are likely to occur include back injury, knee dama ge, whiplash, brain and head trauma, broken or fractured ribs and spinal cord injury. In cases such as car crashes, the body is most probable to suffer trauma (Caldwell D.S., 2011). Trauma varies in intensity, ranging from serious burns or traffic accidents (Hall J et al 1995).

Variations of the Word Family Essay Example for Free

Variations of the Word Family Essay Today, people in society share many variations of the word family. Anthropologists describe this as a social group of two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption who live and reside together for an extended period, sharing economic resources and caring for the young (Scupin 137). More specifically, the word family is narrowed down to two major types, nuclear and extended family. Nuclear Families are the ones most Westerns feel are the right kind of family. They are formed by two married parents and their offspring. According to our book Cultural Anthropology A Global Perspective, â€Å"in the United States, some African Americans, Latinos, Arab Americans, and Asian Americans enjoy the loyalty and support of extended family ties, enhancing their economic and social organization within the larger society† (Scupin 247). They are able to adapt to our way of living by gaining knowledge and experience in how we live. Once this is accomplished the formation of family can begin. Religion and tradition play huge roles in this development. With the many forms of family, some examples I have found are: Nuclear family, extended family, polygynous family, polyandrous family, and matrifocal family. Today fully half of all families do not meet the definition of nuclear family. We have stepfamilies; single-parent families; families headed by two unmarried partners, either of the opposite sex or the same sex; households that include one or more family members from a generation; adoptive families; foster families; and families where children are raised by their grandparents or other relatives.. Here in our U.S. society, we see the many different forms of family due to the fact that each and every one of us is individualistic. Perhaps if you were to travel to America, you would see a single gender raising a child on their own, or come along an ally way to find a street gang full of children orphaned by disease that had nowhere else to go. Though it may not be legal, there are people in our United States that marry more than one partner secretly. This is morally wrong! In our society, you are to give your faithfulness to one individual only. In many societies, kinship relationships are beyond the most significant role throughout the world. Many parts of life in all societies are impacted by kinship, and in most society’s kinship relations influence things like who one can and cannot marry, who one must show respect to, who one can joke with, and who one can count on in a crisis. Your relatives are in your life from birth to start, and are able to help you in situations that can become overwhelming at times. When you experience argumentation that seems to intensify, family may be the best people to talk to. They are there to listen as well as to socialize within the community. They know who you are, and have watched you grow, fail, succeed, etc. To fully understand and grasp the concepts linked to family, one needs to comprehend how individual thought and behavior are influenced by these interacting aspects of human communities. Human needs are almost addicting in nature and in many cases, the reason for universality in a family. These needs can be met when families provide a social environment in which they can exchange opinions and items and then learn and grow from them. As we mature we develop many functions, some of which include nurturing, enculturation of children, regulation of sexual activity, and also those who serve to protect and support their members through emotions, physically and also economically. The main function is to produce and reproduce persons, biologically and socially. Without reproduction, the world would be a lost cause, and the word family would either be non-existent or have a different meaning. Throughout our lifetime, we keep developing and changing our perspectives. As a child, our perspective is known as â€Å"family of orientation,† this is one who serves to locate children socially and plays a major role in enculturation and socialization. A child, for instance, would be interacting socially with another person in order to learn about all other cultures. From the inner eye perspective, an adult is known as the â€Å"extended family.† Here individuals are composed of parents, children, and other relatives bound together as a social unit. There are several benefits to having a family formed in this way, the obvious one being that all the children have more than just their parents eyes watching them and raising them. Family is key in my opinion. Whether they are there for your stability or just to converse, they are there until they separate. An example of this could be known as a step father and mother being divorced which leaves them removed from each other’s families. As indicated earlier about the different marriages in society, I believe that the act of polygamy is morally wrong and in many ways a burden to our culture. Why should an individual be married to two different significant others? In my culture, we don’t see this act; however, many other cultures may allow and even encourage polygyny and polyandry. Through enculturation, people are able to learn the expectations that make up our society. Religious traditions are shaped through this process by evolution and natural selection. Natural selection is merely when an organism is best adapted to their environment in order to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics. The number in the area will begin to rise while the less adapted organisms will begin to eliminate due to the changes in the society. In saying this, I leave you with a quote from Confucius, â€Å"To put the world right in order, we must first put the nation in order; to put the nation in order, we must first put the family in order; to put the family in order, we must first cultivate our personal life; we must first set our hearts right.† Meyerhoff, Michael. Understanding Family Structure and Dynamics. Discovery Health Health Guides Web. 14 Nov. 2011. http://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/parenting/understanding-family-structures-and-dynamics-ga1.htm. Scupin, Raymond. Cultural Anthropology A Global Perspective. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Nancy Roberts, 2012. Print.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Case Study In Specialty Practice And Epilepsy

Case Study In Specialty Practice And Epilepsy Around fifty million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, making seizures a common cause for patients to present to emergency departments for treatment (WHO, 2009). They pose for complicated management as the occurrence of further seizures in the ED can result in life threatening complications. A seizure can be defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ a hyperexcitation of neurons in the brain leading to a sudden, violent involuntary series of contractions of a group of musclesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦A seizure may be clonic or tonic: focal, unilateral, or bilateral: generalised or partial (Anderson (Ed.), 2002, p. 1554). This case study aims to discuss a patient presenting post seizure activity outlining the presenting and foreseen patient problems including a dependant nursing intervention and its role in seizure management. This paper will discuss the presentation of a sixty-one year old Caucasian male, with a complex medical history. His presentation post a witnessed generalised tonic clonic seizure wi ll be explored including the interventions performed by nursing staff. In this case the prescription of Phenytoin was explored as a dependent nursing intervention that aims to provide symptom relief and cessation of seizure activity by binding to inactive sodium channels to prevent neurons firing and therefore prevent muscle contraction (Aschenbrenner Venable, 2009). Thereafter the paper aims to critically appraise the evidence based literature surrounding its use, discussing its effectiveness in the management of the patient discussed and the evaluation of its use. Any gaps in literature will then be identified outlining suggestions for recommendations to improve current practice. On arrival to the Emergency Department (ED) via ambulance the patient was triaged as a category one and transferred to the resuscitation cubicle for immediate assessment and intervention. He was witnessed by a friend to have full body shaking with eyes closed and was unresponsive for approximately two minutes. The patients history includes alcohol abuse, asthma, epilepsy, heavy smoker and chronic back pain. The patient is generally non-compliant with medications and usually drinks a four litre cask of wine per day of which he has not had for the past three days. The patient was found to be post-ictal following the seizure and remained agitated for some hours after. The patient had multiple problems which include a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 8-9, agitation, hypertension, and a threatened airway and therefore required a Nasopharygeal airway. He was noted to continue to desaturate on room air. It can be seen that ensuring the patency of the patients airway is essential in first line management to decrease complications such as tissue hypoxia, hypertension and decreased cerebral blood flow. Thereafter an A,B,C,D assessment approach should be undertaken with interventions aiming to cease seizure activity being a priority (Tesoro Brophy, 2010). A seizure that lasts longer than thirty minutes can have devastating effects on the patient; initially causing an increase in autonomic activity which can lead to hypertension, tachycardia, hyperglycemia, and sweating. However if the seizure continues on greater than thirty minutes, then further deterioration can occur. As metabolic demand during a seizure is high, the body is no longer able to compensate for this. As a result cerebral autoregulation is lost, cerebral blood flow decreases, intracranial pressure rises and hypotension occurs (Tesoro Brophy, 2010). Furthermore if the seizure continues on past this time, death and perman ent brain damage can transpire (Rabinstein, 2010). While the management of a patient having a seizure involves multiple interventions, this case study will discuss one dependant intervention being the administration of IV Phenytoin 1gram in 100mls Normal Saline given over thirty minutes. This decision was made by the treating medical officer as the patient was already taking oral Phenytoin, however was likely that a therapeutic dose range was not achieved due to patient non-compliance. The IV route was chosen as the patient could not swallow tablets and therapeutic levels were required immediately for the safety of the patient (Gallop, 2010). While the patient is already on Phenytoin he is therefore assumed not to be allergic to it, however there can be other side effects to this drug when it is given via the IV route. These include local reactions to the IV site, arrhythmias, dizziness and hyponatremia (Gilad, Izkovitz, Dabby, Rapport, Sadeh, Weller Lampl, 2008). While another study also reports adverse effects of hypotension (Aaro nson, Belgado, Spillane Kunisaki, 2010). For the patient involved these side effects were considered minimal compared to the benefit of stopping the seizure. The nursing implications for this medication include regular cardiac and blood pressure monitoring, both during and after the infusion is completed (Gallop, 2010). Numerous studies have been conducted on the use of Phenytoin considering adverse effects, efficacy and in comparison to other antiepileptic drugs. While Phenytoin was used in this case study as the patient was already taking it orally, it was shown to work as the seizure activity ceased. However the study by Zeng, Wang, Xi Yan (2010), illustrate that 39% of patients in their study pulled out due to poor control of seizures. Similar findings were also discovered by Hiba et. al., (2010), who reported less than 40% of patients were seizure free over a twelve month period. Misra, Kalita Patel (2006) also report findings of reduced efficacy of Phenytoin when compared to Sodium Valporate. Ramsay et al., (2010), further substantiates this with more patients leaving the study due to various reasons when compared to that of Topiramate. However, this study then reports that superiority of Topiramate could not be established, with a p value of 0.366. In comparison Gallop (2010), conducted a r eview and found it to be moderately effective for Status Epilepticus (SE) patients and could also be used to prevent early post-traumatic seizures. Turnbull, Howel, Rawlins Chadwick (1985), also report similar findings with efficacy and determined that no statistical difference was found between Phenytoin and Valporate for seizure control, with a p=0.4, both showing similarly good control of seizure activity over a two year period. Several studies have shown a number of adverse effects post the IV administration of Phenytoin in the patient having a seizure. Gallop (2010) and Earnest, Marx Drury (1983), report studies showing burning and pain to the IV site during administration. Tesoro Brophy (2010) also report an adverse effect of pain and oedema to the IV site, however all studies reported pain ceased when the infusion was slowed or diluted further. Other adverse effects were noted by Gilad, et. al., (2008), reporting 12% of patients in the study showed cardiac arrhythmia, vertigo and hyponatremia, however noting a p value 0.035. Further studies show similar findings; Gallop (2010) reports hypotension, bradyarrhythmias and arrest; Aaronson et. al., (2010) shows only hypotension with no statistical difference noted between Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin in terms of adverse reactions. Turnbull et.al., (1985), report on the oral form of Phenytoin and note reactions of rashes, nystagmus, tremor and ataxia. Zeng et. al., (2010), report similar findings with most common reactions being loss of appetite, nystagmus, nausea, fatigue and tremor. Phenytoin was used for the patient to control his seizures as he was already taking its oral form and it was assumed that Phenytoin provided him with good efficacy. However based on the research conducted for this case study, there is no definitive antiepileptic drug that provides excellent efficacy for every patient. A number of studies show several adverse effects relating to Phenytoin and some studies suggest Sodium Valporate as a substitute, which has a limited number of documented adverse reactions. Gilad et. al., (2008) make this suggestion, with 87.8% of patients receiving good seizure control with Sodium Valporate with no recorded side effects, however 88% of patients on Phenytoin also report good efficacy. However other studies, for example Gallop (2010), show good seizure control when administered to patients suffering SE and in post-traumatic seizures. While another study suggests that no superiority was found between Phenytoin and Topiramate in terms of efficacy, however would recommend Topiramate for its reduced number of adverse effects (Ramsay et. al., 2010). While no medication is ever risk free, all adverse effects should be considered and consultation made of whether the risks outweigh the benefits. In this case study the intervention of Phenytoin was decided to be of benefit to the patient, to stop him from having life threatening seizures. While the evidence shows Phenytoin to be of risk to the patient in terms of adverse effects it did stop this patient from seizing while recording no adverse reactions, which suggests good efficacy. The use of Phenytoin, as previously stated, does have its risks, however these can be minimised with recommendations for best practice. Gallop (2010), and Tesoro Brophy (2010), suggest an infusion rate for IV Phenytoin no greater than 50mg/min and monitoring of blood pressure and ECG during and post infusion. Earnest et. al., (1983), make similar recommendations with suggestions of a dilution down to 6.7mg/mL with an infusion rate 40mg/min, with a total dose of 10-15mg/kg, also suggesting regular observations both during and after the infusion is completed. Other studies then suggest a combination of medications. Rabinstein (2010), suggests administration of an antiepileptic drug and also the use of Benzodiazepine. Tesoro Brophy make this same suggestion; stating that Benzodiazepines should be first line and then treat with anticonvulsants. While most studies are able to provide evidence from research carried out, all make the suggestion for further, larger studies, to provide furt her substantiation prior to change of clinical practice. The patient was loaded with IV Phenytoin 1 gram, diluted in 100mls Normal Saline and given over thirty minutes, giving a dilution of 10mg/mL; a slightly higher rate than that suggested by Earnest et. al., (1983), however a slower infusion of 33mg/min, than the suggested 50mg/mL by Gallop (2010), and Tesoro Brophy (2010). The patient was also given Midazolam 3mg in increments for agitation post the seizure, with good effect. The patient at no time became hypotensive or bradycardiac with nil rash, nausea or nystagmus. The patient eventually returned to a GCS 15 and was admitted to the ward for observation. In summary this case study discusses the dependant intervention of Phenytoin administration to a patient that presents to the ED while having a seizure. Various studies report hypotension and bradycardia as life threatening adverse reactions to Phenytoin, however these can be minimised with slow IV infusion. Best practice suggests an infusion rate of 50mg/min with a dilution of 6.7mg/ml. While Phenytoin had good efficacy for this patient, some studies report Sodium Valporate as most efficient, however no antiepileptic drug is found to be superior over all. More research and larger scale studies are recommended prior to application of intervention to clinical practice from the research discussed.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Customer Service Bench Marking: Hotel Analysis

Customer Service Bench Marking: Hotel Analysis A) Customer Service Bench Marking The Old Ground Hotel Built in the early part of the 18th Century as a private dwelling and a hotel since 1895. The Old Ground has played its part in the Republics tumultuous beginnings and the Town Hall once incorporated a jail. Currently the hotel is a 4-star hotel ran by the hotel group the Flynn brothers. Temple Gate The hotel is on a 19th century Convent of Mercy site with a fascinating and eventful history. Before it was converted to a convent, the original houses, Row House and Lifford House was the property of Charles OConnell, cousin of Daniel OConnell. Currently the hotel is a 4-star hotel. FINDINGS OLD GROUND TEMPLE GATE Organisation/Business image Well presented Bar area is very dull Clean inside Shabby looking appearance from outside Well-kept garden on hotel grounds Well presented Clean Bright Modern appearance from outside. No outdoor space car park is mixed with public car park and bus pick up and drop off point Personal Presentation of Employees Well groomed Clean appearance Clean uniforms Well groomed Clean appearance Clean uniforms Interpersonal Skills of individuals dealt with Some of the members of the weighting staff were quite rude and unprofessional in the hotel restaurant All staff were very helpful and professional Effective Handling of Enquiry Enquiry made in the restaurant was handled well but had a quite delayed response Enquiry was handled professionally effectively and rapidly. Ability of Employee to Present information Accurately The information required was directions and they were given quite clearly and accurately When requesting information I enquired about local facilities and all information was given accurately Overall comment on efficiency and customer service delivered by the organisation/businesses. The overall customer service received was ok but could do with some work The customer service was excellent 3) The staff in the Old Ground could do with some upskilling on their customer service, for the most part of my visit the staff were excellent and had good customer service skills but there was one or two members of staff that could benefit with some upskilling. The Temple gate staff all had excellent customer service skills. B) Consumer Protection Ombudsman Citizens Information Who they protect The ombudsman protects all types of people who have made complaints about receiving unfair treatment from public bodies such as the HSE, local authorities etc. Citizens information helps people with many aspects. Citizens Information provides information on public services and on the entitlements of Irish citizens. It provides advice on social welfare, housing, government, moving country, employment, unemployment and much more. How they operate The ombudsman operates by receiving complaints from the public and investigating what actions need to be taken and/or if the compliant is true. They gather all information available to them from public agencies and bodies and present it to the public in a useful way. The specific piece of legislation they operate within The Ombudsmans legal authority to investigate complaints, and to recommend redress where necessary, is set out primarily in the Ombudsman Act 1980. The Ombudsman Act has been amended a number of times, principally by the Ombudsman (Amendment) Act 1984 and by the Ombudsman (Amendment) Act 2012. There are also some other Acts and Regulations, including the Disability Act, 2005, whose provisions affect the role of the Ombudsman.[i] The Consumer Protection Act 2007 came into effect in Ireland on 1 May 2007. The Act provided for the establishment of the National Consumer Agency. Under the Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2014 the National Consumer Agency and the Competition Authority were replaced by the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission. The Commission took over the functions of the two agencies.[ii] How to make a complaint When complaining complaints can be made in writing, email or by using an online complaint form. Once the complaint has been made the ombudsman investigates them. If your complaint has found to be true the ombudsman will review what it has done, change its decision and/or offer you an explanation, an apology and/or financial compensation. Citizens Information provides information on how to make complaints correctly/effectively to public bodies/ agencies. They advise people that before they make complaints they should know their rights, stand up for these rights be assertive without being aggressive, always try to stay calm and polite Keep notes and documentation to back up the complaint Their limitations The Ombudsman does not intervene for the following: Court proceedings Private disputes Matters concerning foreign missions e.g. Embassy, High Commission, etc. Private disputes Cabinet matters Complaints against private bodies Complaints against local authorities Matters relating to defence, external relations and internal security [iii] Citizens Information limitations are within their legislation as they cannot take any action all they can do is advise people on the best way to take action. C) Customer Complaints Policy Tesco is committed to providing exceptional customer service and making sure when something goes wrong we will try to improve our standards. A complaints policy has been established for customers. Under the sale of goods act and consumer protection act consumers are entitled to have complaints handled efficiently. There are 2 ways in which consumer complaints can be made formally and informally. The informal complaint should be handled immediately and the formal complaints should be dealt within 10 business days. If complaints to are not dealt within 10 business days, the customer will be contacted to update them on the status. The company will estimate of how long the resolution should take. If the complaint still hasnt been resolved after 40 business days, Tesco sends a letter to the customer requesting more time to deal with the problem. If 40 days or more have passed and the complaints have not been dealt with customers may be eligible to contact the Financial Ombudsman Service to receive help with their complaints against Tesco. If the complaint has not been resolved after 40 business days, a letter will be sent to the customer requesting extra time to deal with the complaint. When 40 days have passed since the complaint was made, customers may contact the Ombudsman.[iv]. I If you are not satisfied with the outcome of your complaint to the Customer Service Officer, the matter may be appealed to the General Manager. Customer Complaints Form Name Date Address Complaint Report Taken By INTERNAL USE ONLY Action Taken Outcome Date Completed Investigation Comments [i] https://www.ombudsman.gov.ie/en/About-Us/Legislation/ 09/03/17 [ii] http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/consumer_affairs/consumer_protection/consumer_rights/consumer_protection_act_2007.html 09/03/17 09/03/17 [iii] http://ombudsman.govmu.org/English/Policies/Pages/Limitations.aspx 09/03/17 [iv] https://www.reference.com/food/tesco-deal-complaints-4146bdab46664ec9 15/03/17 Should I Study Abroad? Should I Study Abroad? Every year thousands and thousands of people leave the comforts of their homes to learn English in countries such as the United States, Canada, England, and Australia. Why do they do it? Many feel that by studying a language in a country where it is spoken, they will be able to learn it more quickly. Others feel that studying abroad gives them a kind of prestige in their home country. It may even lead to a better job. And quite a few people want to study abroad for the pure pleasure and excitement it brings. But living and studying in another country can also have its problems. Almost everyone experiences some level of homesickness. And a few people go home earlier than expected because their ideas about living in another country were different from reality. Is learning English abroad something you are interested in? Whether to learn a language by studying abroad is a big decision. You should be aware of what you are getting into before you start packing your bags. Disadvantages of Studying Abroad Studying abroad does not mean you will learn English magically. Many people think that they just need to live in another country and they will learn the local language. This is not completely true. You still need to pay attention and study. There are people who live in foreign countries for many, many years without knowing the language well. However, it will probably come to you easier and faster than if you just studied the language in your home country. Studying abroad can be hard. You will probably have times when you miss your family, friends, food, and everything familiar. Almost everyone goes through some culture shock. You will have to realize and accept that it will take some time to adjust to a new way of living. Studying abroad can be expensive. There is no doubt that it takes money to study abroad. It can vary from kind of expensive to very expensive. Most places dont allow international students to work. You will have to have the money before you arrive in the country or have someone from home support you. Is this something that you and/or your family can afford? Advantages of Studying Abroad You are surrounded by English. Yes, you need to pay attention and do some studying, but everything comes faster when you do because English is everywhere- on the streets, in the stores, on the TV- you cant get away from it. Your eyes are opened to the world. We often grow up thinking that our way of doing things is the only way, or sometimes the best way. But living in a new culture helps us realize new ways of doing things, and also helps us to see that even though we are different, we are all human. And in many cases, not only will you get to know the natives of the country you are visiting, you may get to know classmates from all over the world. You learn to take care of yourself. Living in another country, even if it is with a host family, means you might be doing things you may not have done in your home country. These include cooking, cleaning, grocery shopping, washing clothes, figuring out transportation, making living arrangements, setting up accounts for cell phones and utilities, etc. You may think of this as a disadvantage, but many international students go home proud that they have become very self-sufficient. Your life will be forever changed. One of the greatest things that happens when you do something as big as live in another country is- you become a changed person- your outlook on life is different. Your new maturity can help lead you to new places in your life. You make memories that will last a lifetime. Your pictures, journals, and souvenirs will help you remember your time abroad, but your memories and emotions of this special time will also be a part of your life until you are very old. So how can you know if studying abroad is right for you? First, start by talking to people who have already done it. Of course everyone will have his or her own experience and point of view, but it can be really helpful to hear what other people have to say. If you dont know anyone who has studied abroad, ask others about their experiences through the internet. Daves ESL Cafe is a good place to start. If you do decide that you are interested in going abroad, take a look at websites like www.StudyAbroad.com and www.HyperStudy.com to search for schools and get advice on where to go. Studying abroad can really change your life. And hopefully if you decide to do it, it will be a wonderful experience for you. The very best of luck to you. Retrieved From: http://www.5minuteenglish.com/study_abroad.html Summary of Should I Study Abroad? Suffer from constant homesickness especially during the early years of living abroad The cost of education is very expensive Institutions does not allow international students to work Students are exposed to different kinds of learning environment Students are exposed to different kinds of people and their various culture Students are more independent and confident Students outlook of life will be changed 2nd Article Is Studying Overseas Worth It? Mon, 11/09/2009 15:50 Nabilah Before you can answer that question, youll first need to know how studying overseas differs from doing so locally. By Tan Yan Shuo An overseas university education in Australia, the United Kingdom (UK) or the United States of America (US) can easily set you back by several hundred thousand dollars. In comparison, the National University of Singapore (NUS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and Singapore Management University (SMU) all charge an annual tuition fee of less than S$10,000. Yet, every year, thousands of Singaporean students flock to universities in these countries. You may be considering studying overseas too. However, before you jump on the bandwagon, it is important to examine your motivations for wanting to do so, and to ask yourself if they are justified. And most of all, to make a better, informed decision, you need to be elucidated on the major differences between studying overseas and locally. Prestige and Career Opportunities It is a myth that our local universities are less well-perceived by employers than their foreign counterparts. In a recent survey conducted by The Straits Times, three out of four public-listed companies said they had no preference with regard to employing local or overseas graduates, with the rest preferring candidates who studied in Singapore. Furthermore, both NUS and NTU have been ranked highly by The Times Higher Education, coming in 30th and 77th respectively in the 2008 World University Rankings. However, our local universities brand names do pale in comparison to that of top-tier overseas universities such as Oxbridge in the UK and the Ivy League in the US. While it is correct to say that your performance at the university matters more than its prestige in determining your career prospects, graduates from more prestigious universities nevertheless definitely have more opportunities. An overseas education also gives you an edge if you intend to work overseas, where the brands of our local universities tend to be less recognised. Indeed, many multi-national companies recruit directly from the campuses of top overseas universities. However, when it comes to specialised degrees such as Law, Medicine, and Dentistry, our local faculties are just as selective and perhaps as prestigious as those of top overseas universities. Often, the effect of brand name is more pronounced for general degrees such as Arts and Social Sciences. Quality of Education There is little, if any, objective difference between the quality of teaching locally and overseas. Top overseas universities often boast big-name professors, and it is easy to be lulled into thinking that Nobel Prizes and similar accolades translate into quality teaching. However, in reality, being a good lecturer is a separate skill set from being a good researcher, and good and bad lecturers abound both locally and in top overseas universities. When it comes to quality of education, the key differences between local and overseas universities lie in flexibility and variety of options. Universities from the US in particular stand out in being more flexible, and having more academic options than our local universities. While NUS, NTU and SMU rarely allow students to change their courses, universities in the US are known to allow such changes even into the junior (third) year. In addition, universities from the US emphasise broad-based curricula and cater to diverse academic interests through schemes such as personalised Double Degrees, Double Majors and Accelerations. The downside to these, however, is the lack of depth of study as compared to the demanding syllabi set by local universities. The Overseas Experience By far, the biggest difference between studying overseas and locally is the experience of living alone in a foreign country. You become a one-person household, and suddenly you realise there were a million things your parents did that you now have to manage by yourself. Apart from doing your own laundry and cooking your own meals, there are also more significant things such as finding your way in a foreign society, and responding to setbacks without the comforting proximity of family and friends. Over the years, these individual experiences add up to make you a little more street-smart, a little more independent, and a little more mature. As an alien in a foreign country, you will also face the prospect of learning the unspoken rules and social norms that others assume you already know, and dealing with people whose value systems and underlying assumptions about the world are radically different from your own. If you can cope with these challenges, you will emerge a more thoughtful, adaptable, and confident person. Nevertheless, as enriching as an overseas experience sounds, it is not for everybody. Going overseas to study is like jumping into the deep end of the pool. Some are naturally good swimmers who flourish with the challenges, while others are mere beginners who will do better if introduced to swimming in a less intimidating environment. Likewise, not everyone at the age of 18 is ready to leave the comforts and familiarity of home. Fortunately, there are other ways of gaining elements of the overseas experience without enrolling in an overseas university. Staying on campus can provide a simulation of living independently, and if you fall sick, you always have the option of returning home. For a more bite-sized experience of studying overseas, you can also apply for student exchange programmes offered by all three local universities. Studying overseas is not the Holy Grail of university education. There is little, if any, compromise in terms of quality, prestige and career opportunities if you choose to study locally. Although studying overseas can be a unique and life-changing experience, it is not for everybody (whether due to cost or other factors), and there are other, albeit more circuitous, means of achieving the same outcomes. Retrieved From: http://community.jobscentral.com.sg/node/1318 Summary of Is Studying Overseas Worth It? Quality of education is better overseas More job opportunities for students who have studied overseas Some courses or subjects are not available in local institutions Students are more independent Students are more mature Students are more confident Students will be able to understand and experience the social norm and culture of the country 3rd Article Will the difference make a huge impact on career path? FOR a very long time, studying abroad was an option purely for the deep-pocketed elite. Apart from the cost factor, many families chose to send their kids overseas because of the cultural wealth and better job prospects that came with it. Fast forward to today, many still choose to send their children overseas to pursue their education. Thanks to rising affluence, more families are able to send their kids abroad. But are the benefits of studying some thousands of miles away versus just down the street so drastic that its really going to make a huge impact on ones career path? Studying abroad The main issue to consider when studying abroad is that it requires more financial support and planning. Lee, a 30-year old information technology graduate from the United States admits that the biggest issue about studying overseas is the cost. Studying overseas can be really expensive. Accommodation and food is denominated in a currency thats probably higher than ours. Furthermore, most countries do not allow foreign students to work, so you need to have money before you arrive in the country or have someone from home supporting you. However, having a foreign qualification helps to make your resume stand out compared with the rest, he says. Dinesh Kanavaji, 31, is a practising lawyer in Malaysia who studied law in Britain in the late 90s. His two-year course cost him about  £15,000 a year or about RM90,000 annually given the high exchange rate at the time. At the time, the tuition fees cost about  £10,000 annually. Accommodation and food cost about  £4,000 or so, this of course, provided that you lived at a campus hostel rather than elsewhere. Ultimately, it was a character-building experience, having to be able to live, cook and travel on your own, he says, adding that studying abroad also provides a unique opportunity for language and cultural immersion. Dinesh also feels that the standard of education offered overseas is higher. The standard is higher over there. The lecturers are experienced and well trained, comprising doctors and professors that have written a few books. Many of the lecturers locally are quite young. He also says the education in Malaysia (as far as law was concerned) was very academically-driven. In Britain, they make you work and figure things out for yourself, creating a heightened level of maturity. Studying locally Dineshs wife Melissa Ram, 32, studied her Bachelor of Jurisprudence degree in law entirely in Malaysia and is quick to admit the cost benefits of studying locally. Compared with Dinesh, her four-year course (plus one year of A-Levels) cost just RM20,000. It probably would have cost me three times more if I had studied overseas. Also, you dont have to worry about getting home-sick and can meet up with your friends any time, she says. Melissa however admits that the level of education in Malaysia (especially in law) was not up to par with the standard offered overseas. I participated in a legal workshop that was conducted by solicitors from London and could immediately feel that the quality of their training was far superior. She says law degree graduates in Britain that studied for the bar exam (which qualifies a person to practice law) were subjected to hands-on training while the Malaysian equivalent of the bar, the CLP (Certificate in Legal Practice), is purely academic in nature. Those who do get the opportunity to study overseas should go, Melissa says. Chan, 29, a local engineering graduate, says studying locally provided him with flexibility to do whatever he wanted during semester breaks. During your semester breaks, you can find good temporary employment at places such as McDonalds or a shopping complex for instance without the need to worry about work permits or the language. He adds that food is also cheap and abundant in Malaysia compared with many other countries. Who do the employers prefer? Malaysian Employers Federation executive director Shamsudin Bardan says there is generally a preference for foreign graduates by employers. Its because foreign graduates are more proficient in English and have better thinking skills. They are more mature and independent than local graduates. In terms of qualification or technical ability, theres not much difference (with local graduates). However, when it comes to soft skills, foreign graduates have the advantage, he says. A spokesman from the Malaysian Institute of Human Resource Management also concurs that there is a preference for foreign graduates. Multinationals, especially, are more keen to hire foreign graduates because they carry themselves better. They speak well and with confidence during the interview. Local graduates (who are more weak in terms of soft skills) dont express themselves well enough in front of the interviewer, who would think that the interviewee is just not prepared for the job. He also says that there is a general perception that the standard of Malaysian education is more inferior when compared to the standards in other countries. A lot of people have criticised the standard of our education, which has clouded the minds the way that employers think. The environment has to change. People and politicians should change this perception. Retrieved From: http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?sec=businessfile=/2010/10/23/business/7255501 Summary Will the Difference Make a Huge Impact on a Career Path Many parents send their kids to study overseas because they want the kids to learn new cultures. The cost is actually the biggest issue when it comes to studying abroad. The currency is higher. Studying abroad lets students to learn how to live on their own or in other words, they have to be independent. Studying locally is three times cheaper than studying overseas. Students who study locally wont experience being homesick. Students who study in the country will never have to worry about language. The cost for food in our own country, Malaysia, is way cheaper than overseas. Students who have degrees from foreign countries have better chance in being employed. Graduates from overseas have more and better soft skills than graduates from local. Foreign graduates perform well during interview compared to local graduates. 4th Article Why study abroad? 10 reasons why you should study in a foreign country Have you considered studying abroad, but are not sure whether its worth your time? If you ask anybody who has studied abroad, he or she will most certainly tell you that it is a life-changing experience and one of the most rewarding things he or she has ever done. Perhaps youre not certain what benefits you can reap from an extended stay in a foreign country. Here are 10 very excellent reasons why you should take the plunge:   1.  Study abroad is the optimal way to learn a language.  There is no better and more effective way to learn a language than to be immersed in a culture that speaks the language you are learning. Youre surrounded by the language on a daily basis and are seeing and hearing it in the proper cultural context. Language learning happens most quickly under these circumstances. [Read  why you should learn a language.] 2.  Study abroad provides the opportunity to travel.  Weekends and academic breaks allow you to venture out and explore your surroundings both your immediate and more distant surroundings. Since studying abroad often puts you on a completely different continent, you are much closer to places you might otherwise not have had the opportunity to visit. Some more structured study abroad programs even have field trips planned in or around the curriculum. 3.  Study abroad allows you get to know another culture first-hand.  Cultural differences are more than just differences in language, food, appearances, and personal habits. A persons culture reflects very deep perceptions, beliefs, and values that influence his or her way of life and the way that s/he views the world. Students who experience cultural differences personally can come to truly understand where other cultures are coming from. 4.  Study abroad will help you develop skills and give you experiences a classroom setting will never provide. Being immersed in an entirely new cultural setting is scary at first, but its also exciting. Its an opportunity to discover new strengths and abilities, conquer new challenges, and solve new problems. You will encounter situations that are wholly unfamiliar to you and will learn to adapt and respond in effective ways. 5.  Study abroad affords you the opportunity to make friends around the world. While abroad, you will meet not only natives to the culture in which you are studying, but also other international students who are as far from home as yourself. 6.  Study abroad helps you to learn about yourself. Students who study abroad return home with new ideas and perspectives about themselves and their own culture. The experience abroad often challenges them to reconsider their own beliefs and values. The experience may perhaps strengthen those values or it may cause students to alter or abandon them and embrace new concepts and perceptions. The encounter with other cultures enables students to see their own culture through new eyes. 7.  Study abroad expands your worldview. In comparison with citizens of most other countries, Americans tend to be uninformed about the world beyond the nations boundaries. Students who study abroad return home with an informed and much less biased perspective toward other cultures and peoples. 8.  Study abroad gives you the opportunity to break out of your academic routine. Study abroad is likely to be much unlike what you are used to doing as a student. You may become familiar with an entirely new academic system and you will have the chance to take courses not offered on your home campus. Its also a great opportunity to break out the monotony of the routine you follow semester after semester. 9.  Study abroad enhances employment opportunities. Did you know that only 4% of U.S. undergraduates ever study abroad? Yet, the world continues to become more globalized, American countries are increasingly investing dollars abroad, and companies from countries around the world continue to invest in the international market. Through an employers seyes, a student who has studied abroad is self-motivated, independent, willing to embrace challenges, and able to cope with diverse problems and situations. Your experience living and studying in a foreign country, negotiating another culture, and acquiring another language will all set you apart from the majority of other job applicants. [Read about  careers in foreign languages.] 10.  Study abroad can enhance the value of your degree. While abroad, you can take courses you would never have had the opportunity to take on your home campus. In addition, study abroad gives your language skills such a boost that it is normally quite easy to add a minor in a language or even a second major without having to take many more additional courses after the return to your home campus. Adapted From: http://www.vistawide.com/studyabroad/why_study_abroad.htm Summary of Why Study Abroad? When a student studies overseas, he/she learns the language that the local people use which is unusual to the student. It usually happens when a student stays and studies abroad, he/she will be surrounded by the people who use the language all the time. It also allows students to travel to new places. A student who studies abroad can also learn the peoples culture which is something new to the student himself. By learning other peoples culture, students can also change their perceptions about certain things in life. Students will also learn how to develop their skills in many things especially in soft skills. A graduate from overseas will have better opportunities to get a job. Students can have better opportunities to get a job. A student can learn more about himself. Students who study abroad can also make friends from people of different backgrounds. There are wider selections of programs and courses offered by foreign learning institutions that can be chosen by students who study overseas. 5th Article Getting your degree locally Distance from home is often an important factor when choosing where to study. You could probably group people into 4 different categories when it comes to choosing where to study and the distance it is from home; Those that are keen to study at a university or college far away from home sometimes even in a different country. Those that want to study a certain distance away from home, but not so far that they cant reasonably get back for the odd weekend. Those that want to study for a degree at a local college or university or at least one thats commutable from home. Those that arent bothered whether they study at local college or university or one thats far away. In the UK there has been a bit of a tradition that when considering where to study for a degree, students look at universities and colleges fairly, or very, far away from home. This tradition has recently started to change somewhat and more and more students are choosing to study at a local college or university and get their degree close to home. There are a few reasons why when choosing where to study people are increasingly opting for a local college or university: Financial Probably the biggest factor of all. Going away to university is an expensive thing. Expenses like rent , bills, food, transport (whilst at uni and also travelling back and forth between university and home) can be removed or significantly reduced by staying at home. Family, friends, community Studying locally enables people to remain close to their friends and family whilst at the same time taking advantage of everything that being a student has to offer a wider social group, clubs and societies, a Student Union, nights out and so on. You can also keep any part time jobs you might have. Change in cultural attitudes In many countries across the world such as Spain and Australia, most people get their degree locally and stay living at home. In the UK there has been a culture of going away to study for a degree, but increasingly the Spanish and Australian way of doing things is being seen as a good option. The point is, is that the question of where and how to get your degree isnt set in stone. Just because theres been a culture in the past of going away to university, doesnt mean studying locally isnt just as valid and in many cases can be an even more attractive option. Retrieved From: http://www.whatuni.com/degrees/university-application-ucas/study-local/local-colleges.html Summary of Getting Your Degree Locally Studying locally means that the students can be close to their homes Expenses are much lesser if the students study locally compared to the expenses studying abroad There is no need for them to pay for extra expenses such as bills, rents and others as they are living at home. Students are also able to be close to family and friends if they study in local universities. Their previous part time jobs could also be kept as an extra source of income, if they have any. In the aspects of cultural attitudes, people are beginning to favour the option of studying in local universities. Studying in the country does not mean it is not valid; it might even be a better option for the students. 6th Article LOCAL OR OVERSEAS? With so many postgraduate courses available, both locally and overseas, how do you choose? Here are some things to consider before making a final decision. By  C S CHING    Now that you have decided that a postgraduate programme is what you want to do, there are a number of issues you need to address. One of the most important is deciding where you want to  pursue it.    You have two options going overseas or doing it locally. Both options have their pros and cons, and you have to weigh each carefully to determine which suits you best. GRADUAN ® explores the options available to help you make the right decision.    STUDYING ABROAD   While a luxury before, pursuing studies abroad has become something many Malaysians can now afford. Relatively more expensive than studying locally, many regard a qualification from an overseas institution worth the money spent.    The most popular foreign destinations for Malaysian students are the UK, Australia and the US. Study opportunities in the UK and Australia are varied, with postgraduate opportunities at both taught and research levels. The US is a more traditional route for students who are committed to specialist research, especially in the sciences.    There are many reasons why some students opt to do their postgraduate work in an overseas institution. First, it could be because you did your first degree abroad and want to pursue postgraduate studies at the same institution. There are many advantages to this, not least being that you may be able to secure funding from the university and your lecturers can be your referees when applying for a place or a scholarship. Also, you wont have to deal with the hassle of moving and getting used to a new environment as you will already be familiar with the area. Not only that, you would have made friends who may also stay back to continue with their postgraduate studies. This way, you will have some company helping you go through this major change in your life.    Studying abroad can also be an enriching experience, especially if you have never been overseas before. Not only will you be gaining a postgraduate qualification, you will also be coming home with international and multicultural exposure. You will meet many different people from all over the world and learn much from them.    Also, being in a new environment is a perfect opportunity to broaden your mind. This experience may come in handy, especially when you are looking for job opportunities. If you are planning on a career with a multinational firm, this exposure will help you communicate better with the different colleagues and clients you will meet along the way.    Being in a new environment is a perfect opportunity to broaden your mind. The opportunity to study in a world-famous institution will look very impressive on your resume    The key to making a right decision is to gather all the facts and weigh them against your desires and financial standing.    Some students opt for an overseas institution out of necessity because the specialised qualification  may not be available in Malaysia. Institutions abroad are often also better equipped in terms of  technology and expertise to allow you better access to the right kind of knowledge. This especially applies to scientific studies. Also, the opportunity to study in a world-famous institution will look very impressive on your resume. If you are given the chance to do this, do not turn it down as it will help your career in the long-run.    STUDYING LOCALLY   You may feel that a local institution may be the right fit to pursue your postgraduate studies. In fact, there are many institutions in Malaysia providing postgraduate programmes that are as good as those overseas. With this option, you wont have to travel far a Ethics in Psychology | Case Study Ethics in Psychology | Case Study Ethics has been defined as â€Å"a branch of philosophy that deals with thinking about morality,  moral problems, and judgements of proper conduct† (Frankena, 1973). Ethics is traditionally a branch of philosophy dealing with moral problems and moral judgments. White (1988) defines ethics as the evaluation of human actions. In doing so, we assign judgments to behavior as â€Å"right† or â€Å"wrong† and â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad† according to the perspective of a moral principle or ethical guideline. Although we may all strive to be right and good, a gap often exists between the ideal outcome and what can realistically be accomplished. We acknowledge that ethical perfection lies beyond reach for virtually all of us humans, even if we could completely agree on the ethically correct response in every situation. And, unfortunately, good intentions may prove insufficient to ensure that wrongs will not occur. An effective response requires developed skills, planned resources, the right information, and a pre-established ethical and self-awareness. Koocher, (2012) Some potential issues with this case study that seems to be transpiring into an unethical manner would be the confidentiality issues as well as the informed consent, other ethical issues would be like professional boundaries, limited resources and limits of competence, community expectations and values working with peer and other community helpers, and burnout are among these issues. (Schank, 1998) Mr. Albertson is a 54 year old male who came to Dr. Jones for Depression at the time of admission to her clinic, she should have had Mr. Albertson sign his consents so that she would have on file his next of kin no matter where they were located in case of an emergency such as his getting hurt at work. There are many forms and consents that needed to be signed immediately before Dr. Jones took Mr. Albertson as a client in her clinic. When you admit whether it is for inpatient or for an outpatient you must always have the client sign a consent for treatment, as well as the HIPPA consents, and then you explain the rules and regulations to the client especially if they don’t know what it means. According to the American Psychological Association at your first visit, a psychologist should give you written information explaining privacy policies and how your personal information will be handled. This information will explain that in some cases, there are exceptions to the privacy rule. Mr. Albertson went to see Dr. Jones for Depression but, when Mr. Albertson got hurt at work and suffered a concussion the Dr. decided at that time to have her client Mr. Albertson to sign a consent to release information which now is the wrong time because, the client now has an impairment that does not let him understand what is happening. He is also having issues, concentrating and is easily confused and is having trouble understanding these concepts. Dr. Jones wants Mr. Albertson to sign a release of information so she can talk to an attorney but, what about the Dr. That is, treating Mr. Albertson for his concussion and injury he suffered at work, so she can better find out what happened to him, so she can understand what or how she should proceed with his treatment for depression. The client does not understand what is wrong, but, the Dr. asked him to sign a release to speak with his co-worker and his lawyer in which the co-worker found for him. The Lawyer has no idea what he is dealing with at this time because, he has never spoken to Mr. Albertson, but, online and through phone calls. Principle of Ethics I, Rule J states â€Å"Individuals shall not guarantee the results of any treatment or procedure, directly or by implication; however, they may make a reasonable statement of prognosis.† American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (1997-2014). Principle of Ethics III states â€Å"Individuals shall honor their responsibility to the public by promoting public understanding of the professions, by supporting the development of services designed to fulfill the unmet needs of the public, and by providing accurate information in all communications involving any aspect of the professions, including the dissemination of research findings and scholarly activities and the promotion, marketing, and advertising of products and services.† American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (1997-2014). Dr. Jones is not beyond the limits of her competency as of yet because by providing services to individuals for whom appropriate mental health services are not available and for which Dr. Jones has not obtained the competence necessary, will work closely with the community who may have the related prior training or experience and Amay provide such services in order to ensure that services are not denied if they make a reasonable effort to obtain the competence required by using relevant research, training, consultation. American psychological association (2015). According to the State of Texas licensing bureau of psychologists, Dr. Jones should provide only services for which she has the education, skills, and training to perform competently. Competency includes the ability to provide services concerning a specific individual that takes into account characteristics of that individual including age, gender, ethnicity, national origin, disability, language, and socio-economic status. Dr. Jones maintains current knowledge of scientific and professional information that ensures competency in every area in which she provides services. http://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public (2012). A psychologist who lacks the competency to provide particular psychological services to a specific individual must withdraw and refer the individual to a competent appropriate service provider. In emergencies, when psychologists are asked to provide services to individuals for whom appropriate mental health services are not available and for which the Doctor has not obtained the necessary competence, doctors may provide such services only to the extent necessary to ensure that services are not denied. If ongoing services are provided, doctors must comply with subsection (d) of this section as soon as practicable or refer the patient as per subsection (h) of this section. http://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public, (2012). Psychologist must refrain from initiating or continuing to undertake an activity when they know or should know that there is a substantial likelihood that personal problems or conflicts will prevent them from performing their work-related activities or producing a psychological report in a competent and timely manner. When Psychologists become aware of such conflicts, they must immediately take appropriate measures, such as obtaining professional consultation or assistance in order to determine whether they should limit, suspend, or terminate the engagement in accordance with Board rule  §465.21 of this title (relating to Termination of Services). This is from the State of Texas Licensing Board. http://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public, (2012). No, she is not practicing outside of her scope of practice because she as a doctor will talk with the Primary Care Physician in order to place Mr. Albertson into an assisted living facility. But, she is working outside of her practice finding this client a guardian. If she would have had the papers already signed she would have already had the guardian whether it would be the friend or a family member. Consents are very important in the medical field as well as the substance abuse field. As for conflict of interest this case could be because the people that the doctor speaks with everyday are those that are in the community, and they all would probably know each other so they will be talking about things that maybe personal to the client. As for legal as long as the doctor has the consent signed and the client understood what he has signed the doctor may speak with the lawyer. Dr. Jones should have made sure all documentation was completed in the office before the sessions started with the client’s depression, this is number one in all areas of the medical practices. You cannot make a patient sign something he/she does not understand, and if there are other issues such as cognitive deficits then it will make it much harder to help this patient unless you have the documents signed beforehand and you have a guardian for this reasoning. Also be very careful of the No-Harm clause in the ethics and code of conduct for psychologists and licensees. References; American Psychological Association. (2014). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Copyright 1997-2014. http://www.asha.org/about/contacts/ Frankena, WK (1973) Ethics (second edition), quoted in Nunn, J (1998) Laboratory Psychology, East Sussex: Psychology Press Ltd. McLeod, S. A. (2007). Psychology Research Ethics. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/Ethics.html Schank, J. A., Skovholt, T. M. (1997). Dual-relationship dilemmas of  Rural and small town psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research  And Practice, 20, 244 –247. http://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public Oedipus Rex by Sophocles | Themes Oedipus Rex by Sophocles | Themes Was it the tragic fate of murdering his father and marrying his mother, or the free will of trying to escape and avoid this horrific oracle that led to the demise of the beloved King Oedipus? Some may believe that people have the free will to determine how their life will play out; others believe that everyones life is predetermined and our actions are controlled by just that. In the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, fate played a very important role in the life of Oedipus and the characters around him. While Oedipus was free to try and escape his fate, we ultimately are left to find that fate played a greater role and that Oedipus could not run from himself. As demonstrated in Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, while free will is a part of human nature, there is also predetermination of ones fate. According to WordReference.com, fate is defined as an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future set forth by a higher power. Since birth, Oedipus was cursed to someday murder his father and marry his mother, as foretold by the oracle of Apollo. Oedipuss birth father, Laius, was also affected by this fate and thus tried to get rid of Oedipus when he was a baby to try and escape this fate. Laius and his wife, Jocasta, then abandoned baby Oedipus on a mountain with his feet nailed together with spikes and left to die. Later, Oedipus was discovered by a kind shepherd and given to a nearby King and his wife to be raised as their own. Laiuss attempt to change fate was ultimately a failure and further led to the fulfilling of the prophecy. This was just one of the examples of how no matter what you do to avoid it; your fate will ultimately come true in time. This prophecy was willed by the gods to come true, no matter what Oedipus or King Laius did to avoid it. As Oedipus grew to become a man, the prophecy set forth once more. Before Oedipus left Corinth, he was determined to discover who he really was. He was made aware of his destiny, and this ultimately influenced his actions. Oedipuss actions did not lead to his destiny, knowing his destiny, led to his actions. For Oedipus, just knowing that his destiny led to the detestable acts of killing his father, whom he thought was the king of Corinth, and marrying his mother, was enough for him to leave Corinth and try to escape this fate, but Sophocles demonstrates how trying to outsmart ones fate will only convey one to it. Unknowingly, by leaving Corinth, Oedipus had begun the path to fulfill the prophecy. Oedipus indeed was afraid of fulfilling his horrible fate, so he was determined to change it. As Oedipus is traveling to get as far away from Corinth as possible, he encounters an elderl y man on a crossroads and kills him; unknowing that it was King Laius, who was actually his birth father, thus fulfilling half of the prophecy. As Oedipus gets closer to the city of Thebes, he encounters the Sphinx and solves her riddle, alas saving the city of Thebes, becoming king, and marrying his birth mother, Jocasta, completing the prophecy. Sophocles shows us that Oedipuss free willed actions cannot defeat fate, no matter how hard he tried. As the years passed by, we come to find that the city of Thebes is engrossed in a horrible plague that is troubling the citizens, so they come to King Oedipus for help. Oedipus has come to believe that he has outsmarted his destiny because he has not returned to Corinth since he left, so how could he possibly have killed his father and married his mother? We know from earlier in the story that Oedipus is confident in the prophets because he sent his brother-in-law, Creon, to find out what they can do to save the city. Creon returns and tells Oedipus that they must find the murderer of Laius to end the plague. Oedipus realizes that this is the fate of his city and he also knows little can be done about it. When Oedipus hears the news, all will be well, (pg. 222) he replies, Of course, but what were the Gods words? Theres no hope and nothing to fear in what youve said so far. (pg. 223) Oedipus trusts the words of Apollo, so he sets out to find the murderer of Laius only to find out that this will lead him a step closer to his fate. As Oedipus is accused of his fate by the prophet, Tiresias, he becomes angry. He then accuses the prophet of trying to conspire against him with Creon, and tries to banish him from Thebes. As things become tense in the house of Oedipus as everyone slowly realizes the truth of Oedipuss destiny, things start to get hectic. Oedipuss wife and mother, Jocasta, commits suicide when she realize what has happened, and Oedipus blinds himself by sticking two pins in his eyes because he cannot bear the truth. Oedipus even states, Go dark for all time blind to what you never should have seen, and blind to the love this heart has cried to see (pg. 256). He speaks of the consequences that he has faced due to fulfilling the prophecy. Oedipus has learned that no matter what his actions were, he could not avoid his fate. As was presented in Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, fate, rather than free will, played a very important role in the life of Oedipus and the characters around him. Sophocles demonstrated to the readers that although free will is indeed in human nature, your life is ultimately predetermined and theres nothing a person can do to change it. If a prophecy is willed by the gods to happen it shall happen, and free willed actions cannot and will not defeat a persons fate.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Physics of Gymnastics :: physics sport sports gymnast gymnastics

Gymnasts use physics everyday. As a gymnast I never realized how much physics went into every motion, every back handspring, every mistake on the bars. If gymnasts were physicists (or at least knew more about physics) they would be better equipped to handle the difficult aspects of gymnastics. As a gymnast I learned the motions that were necessary to complete the tricks that I was working on, and as a coach I taught others the same. I never truly understood why a particular angle gave me a better back handspring or why the angle that I hit a springboard at really mattered when completing a vault. We are going to explore some of the different apparatuses in gymnastics and a few of the physics laws that are involved in them. We will not even barely scratch the surface of the different ways that physics can explain gymnastics. Newton's Laws Newton's Laws can be found in the textbook, Physics for Scientists and Engineers by Serway. Newton's First Law An object remains at rest, or in motion, unless an external force acts upon it. Newton's Second Law The acceleration of a body or object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the body or object and is inversely proportional to its mass. F = ma Newton's Third Law For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. The Floor There are many aspects of physics found on the floor. The gymnast performs on a floor that "measures 12 x 12 meters, with an additional safety border of 1 metre. The performance area must have a surface elasticity, to allow for power during take-off and softness for landing." (FIG) The surface elasticity found in the floor mat gives the gymnast extra bounce which increases her momentum. Let's examine a basic tumbling run. All three of Newton's Laws can be seen in this one tumbling run. We can see Newton's first law before the gymnast takes even one step. Until she takes a step, the gymnast is at rest. When she is ready to tumble the gymnast applies the force. A gymnast takes a running start when approaching a tumbling run, and as she is moving across the floor she is increasing her momentum. This is a demonstration of Newton's second law.