Collaborative Working Essay

There are many different ways to define ‘Collaborative Working’. According to The National Center for Biotechnology Information bookshelf (NCIB) Collaboration in health care is defined as health care professionals assuming complementary roles and co-operatively working together, sharing responsibility for problem-solving and making decisions to formulate and carry out plans for patient care. Collaboration between physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals increases a team member’s awareness of each other’s type of knowledge and skills, leading to continued improvement in decision-making. To work collaboratively it is also important for all team members to be willing to take part and trust other health professionals to accomplish a collective outcome, which is the health and wellbeing of the patient. Thomas et al (2005) mentions that willingness is one step of developing interpersonal collaboration and trust has been seen as a vital part to assist the development of effective team working. All professionals need to trust each other and learn new competencies and be able to take on new roles without resentment, as this requires a willing and trusting approach. Therefore, to give the patient the best possible care, it is imperative to  work in conjunction with other healthcare professionals to meet the needs of the patient. Each professional has to show mutual respect for one another in order to be able to work together or else there will be conflict in the team and the outcome of the patient will suffer. Thomas et al (2005) continues to say that confidence has been pointed out as an important feature in collaborative working as professionals who are confident in their own roles have the ability to work flexibly into other boundaries without feeling jealous or threatened. Confidence shows leadership and allows others to trust the work of that individual, therefore creating a trusting environment for them all to work together. The terms interprofessional, multiprofessional and interdisciplinary are all related to collaborative working, Thomas et al. (2005) defines the prefix ‘multi ‘ as the participation of staff from different professions, and the prefix ‘inter† means collaboration in the areas of decision making thus indicating that healthcare professionals, be it consultant, nurses, social workers or community staff work together to provide a high quality care and to achieve the best outcome for the patient. With skills and knowledge coming from these colleagues that major in different backgrounds, overall the team can provide an excellent service and duty to patients due to having specialists from different areas working together in the same team. Collaborative working involves interaction of various groups or professions to accomplish a general goal, which normally in the health care setting is the care of the patient. As a result of problem solving, an open and flexible approach to the roles and tasks of individual team members provide a more patient focused healthcare. Read more:  Sharing Responsibility Role of Local and State Bodies The aim of this essay is to establish what skills and knowledge are required to work collaboratively successfully. I will describe a care pathway, which will look at the care a patient received from different services in which I participated. In the health care service, working with people is a part of the working day. According to Goodman & Clemow (2010), working with other people is a fact of everyday life, whether you will be working the in community or in a  hospital environment you will be constantly interacting with people to assess, plan implement and evaluate care provided. Goodman and Clemow (2010) go on to say Nursing work is primarily people work, be it one-to-one patient care or team care. The principle of a care pathway is to recommend the most appropriate care required to meet the patient’s needs. According to Middleton & Roberts (2000) care pathways are evidence based care which is delivered to the patient by the correct individual at the specific time and the suitable environment. Middleton & Roberts (2000) continue to say that integrated care pathways are used to determine multidisciplinary practice based on guidelines for particular patients. According to the Royal College of nursing (RCN) 2014, care pathways are also known as integrated care pathways, anticipated recovery maps, critical pathways or care maps. Communication is very important in the healthcare service to ensure that the patient will receive the correct care plan to meet their needs. According to the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) 2014, communication is at the heart of everything we do in our society. It’s central to our learning, our work and our leisure interests. It is vital in health care, where patients/clients can feel vulnerable, isolated and anxious, therefore teams need to rely on good communication to help them deliver safe, coordinated and effective healthcare. Without communication between certain individuals in the team, it can cause conflict or friction between some colleagues therefore delaying the goal of impeccable patient care. Communication shared amongst teams can achieve a holistic goal that is clear and in which the outcomes are met amongst the team (RCN) 2014. Communication is not only verbal, it is also non-verbal and listening also plays a part. If health professionals are not working together then there is a failure of communication and errors will occur and the wellbeing of the patient will suffer. This may also happen when health professions used different terminologies within their profession, which others may not understand. This demonstrates the need for communication to be shared in a manner which all members can understand to avoid confusion and reduce the risk of mistakes  happening, i.e. language line, interpreters and other professionals who understands the language. Due to the importance of patient confidentiality I will be keeping the identity of my patient as anonymous and a pseudonym will be used for the purpose of the essay to protect the patient. This complies with the NHS Code of Practice on Confidentially (2003). Throughout this essay my patient will be referred to as Mr A. The Tuberculosis (TB) Services must be accessible to all health care professions in the community or hospital. An important part of the role of the TB service is to promote awareness of TB and ensuring that all suspected cases of TB are promptly referred for investigations, diagnosis, treatment, support to control the spread of TB. The most common pathway by which patients can access the TB service includes referrals from GP surgeries, accident and emergency, laboratory microbiology, hospital wards and other hospital specialties such as HIV (Gum clinic), rheumatology and paediatrics. TB services have one designated referral number, fax, email address and contact address. The care pathway for patients who show signs and symptoms of TB will require a number of investigations, which will include a Mantoux Skin test, when a small amount of Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) is injected into the arm and the results will be read 48/72 hours later, a chest x-ray, sputum samples or a bronchos copy. Once these investigations have been completed and if the results are positive for active TB, the patient will be commenced on TB treatment. This treatment will be for a minimum six months to two years depending on the type of TB diagnosed. My role as the Support worker for the TB team is to assist patients, to help them understand and come to terms with their diagnosis. In addition to this I will ensure that they receive the correct medication as distributed by the nurses, monitor any side effects and bring them to the attention of the specialist nurses who will give further advice or discuss with the senior consultant who will be able to decide on an appropriate care plan if needed. I also support patients with any welfare and social matters such as housing, immigration and social benefits. My role involves acting as the advocacy for patients and links them with the required services. In order  for this to work, I have to build a very good rapport with my patients, and I feel that this enables them to become open and honest with me, which results in us achieving our desired goal. Patient Scenario Mr A was admitted via accident and emergency complaining of chest pains, lethargy, loss of weight, cough and night sweats, the typical symptoms of TB. His chest x-ray showed left sided pleural effusion and sputum sample results were smear positive, indicating that he was infectious, His Mantoux result was 18mm and was diagnosed with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Mr A was born in Romania and entered the UK originally in 2009. He was house sharing with other Romanians for three months until they were evicted by the police as they were possibly squatting and he became homeless. He was of no fixed abode with no clear connections in the UK. He has been living on the streets ever since being evicted. He has no means of contact, no money and has very limited understanding of English. Mr A was referred to the TB Service by the consultant on the respiratory ward. Due to his lack of English language, a Romanian interpreter needed to be booked to allow sufficient communication between staff and Mr A. I made a telephone call to the hospital interpreting service to book a Romanian interpreter to assist with the assessment. The TB assessment was carried out in the ward with the Romanian interpreter present. The TB assessment form was completed using Roper et al (2000) Activities of Daily Living. This assessment model looks at the patient’s needs as well as any possible problems connected with the patient i.e. social, physical, psychological and medical. According to Roper et al (2000) this model will give a holistic view of the individual instead of just the illness. This model recognises the impact of cultural, environment, and economic factors that affect both health and well-being (Barrett et al, 2012). Prior to our assessment on the ward I received a telephone call from the Infection control nurses to inform us of his sputum results. The results of his test were smear positive and this indicated that the patient was  infectious therefore he was placed in to a negative pressure side room. A negative pressure room is used to prevent the spread of TB. The National TB Centre describe a negative pressure room as a room where more air is drained than is supplied, so infectious particles are contained within the room by continuous air current being pulled into the room under the door. Therefore, when the negative pressure room is used airborne particles generated in the room cannot escape to the corridor. During this assessment it was brought to my attention that Mr A had no income and was homeless. My role as the Support Worker is to help patients with any welfare and housing issues. I was able to make a telephone call to the hospital social services for advice on Mr A and had a long conversation with the advisor. We agreed that I needed to contact Greenwich Social Services for further advice. I was informed by Greenwich Social services that Mr A was not entitled to any public funds because of his no recourse to public funds on entry to the UK. Due to Mr A’s situation, I spoke to my colleagues in Find and Treat who informed me that Mr A might be eligible for accommodation, and a referral form was faxed to me for completion with my patient. Find and Treat is a Department of Health Organisation within Public Health England that works alongside TB services to provide holistic, preventative and stabilising support to homeless people who are on TB treatment and have no recourse to public funds. The completed referral form was faxed back to Find and Treat. I received a telephone call from Find and Treat to inform me that the referral had been accepted at the homeless shelter and the next step was an interview with the shelter home manger and his allocated case worker to meet the patient to ensure that all his needs were met whilst in their care. The case worker and the manager met the patient in the ward in my presence with the interpreter to complete their full assessment for placement in view of the referral information and facts we presented. Once the meeting was complete, I had to liaison with the discharge coordinator on the ward to inform them that Mr A had been accepted at the shelter home. Prior to his discharge from the ward, the TB nurse checked  his TB medication and I booked transport for my patient to get to the organised accommodation and he was taken on the same day. The following day I made a telephone call to his case worker asking about his (Mr A) progress and how he was settling in. He was reported to be settling in well and had no concerns. Mr A had been visiting a homeless unit for food and shelter prior to this admission to the ward. Due to his smear positive sputum results; it is a requirement to refer all smear positive index cases to Public Health England (PHE) as TB is a notifiable disease. It is my duty to gather as much information as possible regarding the homeless unit. I completed an incident reporting form with all the information from the shelter unit and faxed it to PHE. I had a conversation with PHE by telephone to arrange an incident meeting between the shelter home, PHE and the TB nurses. Once a date was agreed with all parties we met at the shelter home to identify contacts and organise screening. It was agreed that all contacts who needed to be screened for TB were to be referred to the TB Service. Collaborative working sometimes may not always work smoothly as expected. Some team members may feel left out or not appreciated, Elizabeth Lark (2006) says to work collaboratively you need to be focused on a two way related dimension. The task that needs to be achieved, in this case the outcome of the patient, and the relationship with and between the people that need to be engaged in it. Therefore it is clear to say that all team members need to feel appreciated and valued in collaboration to make it work professionally. Another factor that may cause problems in collaboration is personality conflict, a lack of understanding in other professionals’ sphere and the influence of hierarchy in job roles within the multidisciplinary teams. Elizabeth Lark (2006) continues to say that these types of conflicts can be resolved by giving team members the chance to discuss their concerns in group meetings to identify clear working responsibilities before implementing the care of the pati ent. As a Support Worker collaborative working is very important to me to ensure that a service work as a team to give patients the required care they need to enable them to be able to return to their normal healthy lifestyle. When caring for patients we need to set standards and be professional regardless of the patient’s background and belief. The importance of my role as a Support Worker in advocacy and linking patients with other service has lead to the recovery of our patients, as many of our patients do not understand the diagnosis and the stigma related to the TB diagnosis. Having access to all these services has made it possible for me to help Mr A on the road to recovery and enable him to live a normal life again where he will be helped and assisted with some form of work and earn a living. Due to his lack of the English language it would have been very difficult for him to access these services by himself as I was the main link for Mr A to receive the correct care. Mr A was very happy with the care he received from all the different services, he said via the interpreter â€Å"I would not have known where to go to get help, I thank you all†. The care given to Mr A was delivered over a period of three months. He remained in hospital for 4 months, during this time I ensured that all of the hospital resources were coordinated to ensure that the highest level of service was delivered and that Mr A could return to living a normal healthy life style. My role as a Support worker in this collaborative working has helped other healthcare professionals such as ward staff, infection control nurses and hospital social services to gain better knowledge of TB and how working together to overcome obstacles to ensure that the patient can receive the correct care needed. We were able to identify the patient’s needs, which allowed the nurses and other services to coordinate and plan interventions to meet the patient’s requirements in regards to his recovery. It is evident that collaborative working does have the best outcome for patient. Working collectively has enabled me to expand my knowledge and skills required to work along side other health providers and social services. Communication is the key skill required in collaborative working to ensure and accomplish the best outcome for your patients. All services and organisations need to work well together and leave their differences, misunderstanding and challenges aside for the sake of the patient’s outcome.  Collaborative working takes away any additional stress and worry for patients who just want to overcome their illness and this was reflected in Mr A’s situation. References Barrett D, Wilson B & Woodlands A, (2012) Care Planning A Guide for Nurses, Second Edition, Essex, Pearson Education limited. Goodman B & Clemow R, (2010) Nursing and Collaborative Practice, Great Britain, MPG Books Group Lark E, (2006) Collaborative Advantages – How Organisation Win by Working Together, Hampshire, Palgrave Macmillan Middleton S & Roberts A (2000) – Integrated Care Pathways : a practical approach to implementation Oxford, Reed Education and Professional Publishing Ltd Roper N, Logan W & Thierney A J, (2000) The Roper Logan Tierney Model of Nursing Based on Activities of Living, Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone. Thomas,J Pollard K C and Sellman D, (2005) Interporessioanl Working in Health and Social Care. New York, Palgrave Macmillian National Centre for Biotechnology Information Bookshelf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2637/ Professional Communication and Team Collaboration – Patient Safety and Quality Access on 25/09/14 Royal College of Nursing http://rcnhca.org.uk/communication – First Steps for HCAs Accessed on 15/10/14 National TB Centre https://www.ndhealth.gov/Disease/TB/Documents/Infection%20Control.pdf Accessed on 30/10/14 NHS Code of Practice https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/200146/Confidentiality_-_NHS_Code_of_Practice.pdf Accessed on 08/11/14 Royal College of Nursing http://www.rcn.org.uk/development/practice/perioperative_fasting/good_practice/service_improvement_tools/care_pathways Accessed on 15/11/14

Symbolic View vs Omnipotent View Essay Example

Symbolic View vs Omnipotent View Essay Example Symbolic View vs Omnipotent View Paper Symbolic View vs Omnipotent View Paper This assessment covers topics you have learnt in unit 2. This is an individual assignment. No duplication of work will be tolerated. Any plagiarism or collusion may result in disciplinary action. 2. Answer ALL questions. 3. Please write your answers in the essay format. Do not answer in point- form, unless the question mentioned List or State. You dont have to write sections of introduction or conclusion in your answers. Just answer directly to what the question is asking. . The total marks for TAMA 2 is 100 and this contributes 15% towards the total weight of the course. 5. The deadline for the submission of TAMA 2 Is during Tutorial 3. Please submit your answers to your tutor. Question 1 In management theory two views about management have been put forth, one being the omnipotent view and the other the symbolic view. Differentiate between the symbolic view and the omnipotent view of management. Include specific examples of each view to support your answer. (20 marks) Question 2 An organization exists in a dynamic environment. Describe what is meant by the specific and general environments within which organizations operate. Provide examples of each type of environment. Question 3 In the modern world of globalization, international business is becoming increasingly important. List and discuss the three attitudes managers might have toward international business. Question 4 List and discuss five arguments in favor of business social responsibility and five arguments against it. Question 5 Professor Greet Hefted has conducted extensive research on national cultures which helps managers to better understand international management and Malaysia was included in his sample. List and explain Hypotheses five dimensions of national culture.

The Call of the Wild Summary by Jack London †Literature Essay

The Call of the Wild Summary by Jack London – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers The Call of the Wild Summary by Jack London Literature Essay The Gold Rush in the Yukon and Alaska has prompted the need for big strong dogs to pull sleds over icy trails. A large and strong dog named Buck, living in the sun-kissed Santa Clara Valley, California, is exactly people want. Manuel, the assistant of the gardener of Buck’s master – Judge Miller, is in need for money, thus he kidnaps Buck and sells him on the black market. Buck is given to a saloon-keeper and then transported to the Northland. Buck is insulted during the trip and has worked himself into a rage. He decides to start revenge when he meets the Red Sweater. However, the painful encounters with the club push Buck into submission. He begins to learn some laws of the primitive world. Later Buck is sold to two Canadians, Francois and Perrault, with the other two dogs: Dave and Curly. While in camp, Curly is killed when she tries to show friendliness to a husky. After the experience Buck understands the law of the club and fang which dominates the new life he is headed for. He resolves never to go down in that manner. Buck and Dave join a preexisting dog team led by Spitz, a husky. By the time they are on their way to Dawson, Alaska and Skaguay, Buck learns a lot and starts to become wilder. As the power grows, he is ready to take Spitz’s place and be a new leader. Therefore, while the hunting of a rabbit one day, the two end up with a fighting to the death. Spitz is killed and Buck gets his mastery. Right after the fight, Buck â€Å"fights† for his leading position in the team with Francois. It is victorious when he finally takes the position, because Buck earns his right and no longer allows human to decide his fate completely. They are equal. When the government work is done, Buck, together with other dogs which are toiled to death, is sold to an imbecile group of people without any knowledge to survive the primitive land, Hal, Charles and Mercedes. Many dogs die because of the mistreating of their masters. Fortunately, Buck is saved by John Thornton and later becomes his favorite pet. Buck adores his master very much. Hence he does a number of miraculous deeds for him – saves his life twice and earns a large amount of money to pay off his debts. He enjoys the life with John though longing for the primitive world subconsciously. While his master is working for gold on the mine, Buck muses on the call he hears during the night in the forest. Eventually he starts to sleep away from the camp and embraces his instincts and wild tendencies. After his master, without Buck’s protection, is killed by the invading Yeehats, Buck feels no more nostalgia for mankind and returns to the primitive land where he has been longing for. He finally answers the call of the wild. * Jack London’s novel, The Call of the Wild, is the most successful work that describes the life of the Alaska dogs in the history of literature. The novel has reflected some of London’s early wishes, which were formed during his childhood, and later developed in his later experiences. The shadow of his early experiences never goes out of his mind. In psychological point of view, one might get a strong sense of struggling in such living conditions. Therefore, most of London’s novels are about this theme – struggle to survive the tough reality. (Such as The Call of the Wild, White Fang, The Sea Wolf.) In his stories, Jack seems to show us the inner part of the animals, like the dogs, human’s loyal friends, have their innate wild instinct and acquired tameness; And a primitive world which has the overwhelming power of nature over human beings. In the primitive world, one has to struggle to survive the harsh environment; the animals are of no exceptions. As Buck, he is stolen and sold to be a sledge dog in the frozen North, thus he must try every means to adapt the cruel life. The characters in his novels have to depend on the nature to survive. And nature is sometimes their friend and sometimes their enemy. The strong will of surviving of the characters in his novels show the solid part of human and animal’s vitality?With the plot of the stories, he also discusses the delicate relationship in the nature – thus the stronger beat the weaker. At that time, the American people were facing the hard times in which the fittest survives. Thus Jack London’s novel was a great success after published because many people found it the origin of their energy. In The Call of the Wild, London may want to describe an ideal character that struggles against the tough living conditions and becomes more mature through the struggling. Buck, the main character of the novel, a strong and intelligent dog with human tendencies and dignity, fight against his fate in the harsh environment. The important reason for Buck to manage his struggling is his remarkable ability of learning and his control over his emotions – he experiences sensation and transforms it into cold and logical response. However, there is an utter lack of analyzing in his mind at first. The confrontation with the Red Sweater is a turning point which forces Buck to realize the primitive law. Buck’s experiences reveal the complicated relationship between nature and human. We are in awe of nature’s great power and challenge it a lot in order to â€Å"survive†. However we do not realize that there are various ways to survive the nature. â€Å"Challenge and conquer† may not be the only way. Like Buck in the novel, he finally merges into the nature and thus lives in harmony with the primitive creatures. This is the right attitude towards nature – to keep a balance. Furthermore, there are a lot of metaphors in the novel. From the macro perspective, nature to Buck is like what society to Jack London. Both the human and the dog have been through the struggling against their living conditions: Buck (ideally) achieves his goal – he heeds the call and returns to the primitive lands where he belongs; while poor London still doesn’t know what the future is like when he finishes the draft of the novel, and finally lives with debts, alcoholism, illness and fear of losing his creativity for the rest of his life. And from the micro perspective, Spitz may bea metaphor for London’s political opponents because he tries to provoke Buck for several times and menaces the security of Buck. It may just like the situation of London when he was a member of the Socialist Party. However, Buck again succeeds in beating his enemy and takes his place as a leader, while in reality London fails on the Socialist party ticket for mayor of Oakland and st arts steadily to be a writer. A few months before his death, London resigned from the Socialist Party. What’s more, the types of human beings in the novel are also the metaphors for the types of the upper class and the government in reality – some are cruel and only believe in club and fang, such as the Red Sweater; some are capable but work in a mechanical way, such as Francois and Perrault; some are ignorant, stupid but cling obstinately to their course such as Hal, Charles and Mercedes. The only kind of people London wants is like John Thornton, considerate and kind, yet there are few around him at that time. To sum up, the novel is the reflection of the ideal life London yearns for, cruel but hopeful. Through reading, we can get the picture of the glorious history of the human beings and animals in the primitive lands. Research Papers on The Call of the Wild Summary by Jack London - Literature EssayThe Fifth HorsemanHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMind TravelTwilight of the UAW

Gay-Lussacs Ideal Gas Law Examples

Gays Gay-Lussacs gas law  is a special case of the  ideal gas law  where the volume of the gas is held constant. When the volume is held constant, the pressure exerted by a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. The law is also known as Gay-Lussacs law of pressure temperature. Gay-Lussac formulated the law between 1800 and 1802 while building an air thermometer. These example problems use  Gay-Lussacs law to find the pressure of gas in a heated container as well as the temperature you would need to change the pressure of gas in a container. Key Takeaways: Gay-Lussac's Law Chemistry Problems Gay-Lussacs law is a form of the ideal gas law in which gas volume is kept constant.When volume is held constant, pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.The usual equations for Gay-Lussacs law are P/T constant or Pi/Ti   Pf/Tf.The reason the law works is that temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy, so as the kinetic energy increases, more particle collisions occur and pressure increases. If temperature decreases, there is less kinetic energy, fewer collisions, and lower pressure. Gay A 20-liter cylinder contains 6  atmospheres (atm)  of gas at 27 C. What would the pressure of the gas be if the gas was heated to 77 C? To solve the problem, just work through the following steps:The cylinders volume remains unchanged while the gas is heated so Gay-Lussacs gas law applies. Gay-Lussacs gas law can be expressed as:Pi/Ti Pf/TfwherePi and Ti are the initial pressure and absolute temperaturesPf and Tf are the final pressure and absolute temperatureFirst, convert the temperatures to absolute temperatures.Ti 27 C 27 273 K 300 KTf 77 C 77 273 K 350 KUse these values in Gay-Lussacs equation and solve for Pf.Pf PiTf/TiPf (6 atm)(350K)/(300 K)Pf 7 atmThe answer you derive would be:The pressure will increase to 7 atm after heating the gas from 27 C to 77 C. Another Example See if you understand the concept by  solving another problem: Find the temperature in Celsius needed to change the pressure of 10.0 liters of a gas that has a pressure of 97.0 kPa at 25 C to standard pressure. Standard pressure is 101.325 kPa. First, convert  25 C to  Kelvin  (298K).  Remember that the Kelvin temperature scale is an  absolute temperature  scale based on the definition that the  volume  of a  gas  at constant (low)  pressure  is directly proportional to the  temperature  and that 100 degrees separate the  freezing  and  boiling points  of water. Insert the numbers into the equation to get: 97.0 kPa / 298 K 101.325 kPa / x solving for x: x (101.325 kPa)(298 K)/(97.0 kPa) x 311.3 K Subtract 273 to get the answer in Celsius. x 38.3 C Tips and Warnings Keep these points in mind when solving a  Gay-Lussacs law problem: The volume and quantity of gas are held constant.If the temperature of the gas increases, pressure increases.If temperature decreases, pressure decreases. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of gas molecules. At a low temperature, the molecules are moving more slowly and will hit the wall of a  containerless  frequently. As temperature increases so do the motion of the molecules. They strike the walls of the container more often, which is seen as an increase in pressure.   The direct relationship only applies if the temperature is given in Kelvin. The most common mistakes students make working this type of problem is forgetting to convert to Kelvin or else doing the conversion incorrectly. The other error is neglecting  significant figures  in the answer. Use the smallest number of significant figures given in the problem. Sources Barnett, Martin K. (1941). A brief history of thermometry. Journal of Chemical Education, 18 (8): 358. doi:10.1021/ed018p358Crosland, M. P. (1961), The Origins of Gay-Lussacs Law of Combining Volumes of Gases, Annals of Science, 17 (1): 1, doi:10.1080/00033796100202521Gay-Lussac, J. L. (1809). Mà ©moire sur la combinaison des substances gazeuses, les unes avec les autres (Memoir on the combination of gaseous substances with each other). Mà ©moires de la Socià ©tà © dArcueil 2: 207–234.  Tippens, Paul E. (2007). Physics, 7th ed. McGraw-Hill. 386–387.

(choose one from the three topices) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

(choose one from the three topices) - Essay Example He asserts that human reason is his will, which government and other human institution should put first for better co-existence of the two. On the part of Marx, he argues that human reason should influence the changes that people prefer. He aims at showing that the most important thing in any society is the people. They form the institutions, thus the authorities’ and power rest on people. Freethinking and active emancipation of self conforms to Marx’s view on human reason. On the side of Machiavelli, having lived at a time of political instability, of sheer violence, war torn era characterized by betrayal and blackmail, he sees too little to rely on human reasoning (Machiavelli 25). He concludes human reason as wicked and merely a push for self-satisfaction. This paper will bring out the position of human reasoning according to the three personalities and its influence on government, property, and labor. Nicollo Machiavelli’s philosophy on human reason describes man as a fickle, unreliable creature. One should not trust his reasoning. He is content to dismiss men as a sad lot that will lie, cheat, and steal if this has benefit on them. Look at the issue of governance, Machiavelli believes that whoever comes to power is from the ordinary men. He is a prince who works his way out of the common lot of deceivers in the society. His reasoning is not far off, the lot which he was part of. Men reasoning according to Machiavelli are rich in qualities, which bring him praise or fame. Since the ruler in power or the prince is a man, he will exhibit the same reasoning behavioral to his subjects (Machiavelli 41). Thus, man is an indecisive creature. Machiavelli seems to argue that man cannot govern himself, and cannot subject a prince to conform to his reasoning. As a prince, one should put on remarkable qualities on public and wise enough not to expose his weaknesses to his subjects. If a prince depicts false strong character, then his people’ s reasoning will conclude he is indeed a good prince. By this notion, Machiavelli neglects the importance of human reasonin

Feeding of Swine Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Feeding of Swine - Lab Report Example According to this study, research has also shown that after three weeks of feeding weight gain has reached its optimum but the carcass quality continues to improve with longer feeding. However, a problem has been observed since there is a decrease in the return in the dose and feeding duration. This research found out that the greatest weight gain was in the first week and declined beyond three weeks and no gain thereafter. It was also found out that feed intake increased in the first two weeks and decreased in the following weeks. Moreover, there was a "percent yield increased logarithmically over a 4-week feeding period for both 4.5 and 9 g/ton. Finally, 9 g/ton feeding gave greater yield than 4.5g/ton dose and optimal feeding was three to four weeks before market. In addition, the study "Pig Performance by Using Paylean" by Larry K. McMullen and Arlin Karsten affirms that feeding of ractopamine "at the 9 grams/ton level in the finishing diet for 28 days increased the production parameters of grow-finish pigs and resulted in a greater economical advantage over the pigs fed a traditional finishing diet." This research is anchored on these two studies, however it has modifications as to the comparison and contrast of the swine production based on the different feeding components such as: with Paylean, high and low protein gilts or young female pigs and barrows or castrated male pigs. For each of the s For each of the study group, four pigs are used. The first group is composed of gilts fed with Paylean. These Paylean Gilts consumed 1132.2 lbs. feed during the whole duration of the study and showed increase in weight of 101.7, 127.61, 112, and 95.01 lbs. or an average of 109.08 lbs. It has also manifested an ADG (average daily gain) of 2.09475 lbs. The second group is fed Low Protein feed. The Low Protein Gilts consumed 1078.8 lbs. feed or 32 bags and showed an increase in weight of 60.6, 80.61, 76, and 55 lbs. or an average of 68.0525 lbs. It has also an ADG of 1.305 lbs. The third group is fed with High Protein diet. For the High Protein Gilts that consumed 1089.20 lbs. feed, the weight increase are 89.8, 85.5, 65.6, and 68.5 or an average of 77.35 lbs. It has also an ADG of 1.4775 lbs. The other set of pigs under study are the barrows . For the Paylean Barrows at 23.5 lbs. feed and 24 bags, there is a weight increase of 106.2, 93.2, 100.4, and 96.4 or an average of 99.05 lbs. It has also an ADG of 1.9025 lbs. The next group of barrows is fed with Low Protein diet. The Low Protein Barrows consumed 1570.8 lbs. feed over 52 days and showed an increase in weight of 77.6, 69.6, 83.4, and 89.4 lbs. or an average of 80 lbs. It has also an ADG of 1.5325 lbs. The last group of barrows is fed with High Protein feed. For the High Protein Gilts that consumed 1220.9 lbs. feed or 25 bags, the weight increase are 68.8, 85, 85.8, and 78 or an average of 79.4 lbs. It has also an ADG of 1.525 lbs. The above data imply that both Gilts and Barrows fed with Paylean yield the highest weight gain. In addition, in the Low Protein, Barrows have a slightly higher yield than High Protein feed at 0.0075 difference and for the Gilts High Protein feed is higher than Low Protein feed at 0.1725 lbs. difference. In other words, Paylean still gives a higher weight gain compared to High Protein and Low Protein feed in both Gilts and Barrows. For the High and Low Protein feed on both the Gilts and Barrows, it shows very slight difference which may indicate that the dosage of protein

An experiential Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An experiential - Essay Example tood and in this manner, we build trust as well as compassion with each other and people spontaneously look up to my leadership with gratitude and respect, voluntarily taking part in becoming a developed community that can be well-sustained in different aspects of living. Community, in our common knowledge and as the term implies, makes typical reference to that local spot or group in which find and sense belongingness in a unified body with common goals, interests, or deeds. In it we realize the natural process of a give-and-take mechanism when it comes to allocation of social influences that correspondingly affect an individual’s response and social behavior toward the rest of community members. We may go beyond such usual notion and perceive how else a community may be defined or characterized by the emerging social attitudes which are essentially patterned after a particular origin or structure. Normally, we find ourselves bound to care with one another in a community not only because we readily understand the necessity of survival through interactive relationship but even for the natural truth in historicity where there emerges discernment of historical background that enables one person to gauge the other in terms of a continuing culture they have both lived with though at separate places and time. The mutual respect or concern established toward a cultural or religious tradition, for instance, may hold us within a sensible definition of community in which while we distinguish individual selves with unique identity to develop for personal growth, we know somewhere from the inner core that our mutuality in beliefs and principles sets us apart from certain degree of plural indifference. As a community leader, I personally advocate the aforementioned findings and believe that I can significantly contribute on promoting the essence of communication by allowing more educational and recreational programs to be conducted in order to discover potentials of each