The Underrepresentation of Women in Academic Leadership in the United S

The literature review for this study examines various researches imperative to understanding the context, nature, and extent of the problem of underrepresentation of women in academic lead in the United States. Gender inequality still exists in leaders positions in U.S academia women ar still struggling to be at the leading table despite the progress the U.S. has made in recent times through the process of eliminating discrimination in the workplace (Lapovsky & Slaner, 2009). The review also pulls resources from literatures dealing with assessing the root causes of underrepresentation of female Leaders in the United States, with regards to employment discrimination, societal roles etc. From this review, some notable topics emerged that pulls an in depth analysis of the various factors that find out the underrepresentation of women as leaders in the United States academia. Consequently, research has shown that the number of female presidents have not changed in the last 10 years (Lapovsky & Slaner, 2009).Keywords women and leadership, Academic Leaders, US Academia, Leadership Characteristics.Are women underrepresented in leadership role in the U.S Academia? A Literature ReviewA report written in the American Association of University Professors, states that as women pursue academic leadership advancement, the lower the percentageage of women in higher leadership roles become. For instance, the representation of woman in leadership roles are as follows Fifty percent of women are lecturers and instructors, forty six percent are represented in Assistant professor positions, thirty eight percent and twenty three percent are college presidents (ACE, 2007). Furth... ...rative literature review Guidlines and examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356-367. doi 10.1177/1534484305278283Kiamba, J. M. (2008). Womens activism for sex activity equity in Africa, women and leadership positions. Social and cultural ba rriersDue Billing, Y., & Alvesson, M. (1989). Four ways of looking at women and leadership. Scandinavian journal of management, 5(1), 63-80. doi.10.1300/J111v32n03_08Fernandez, J. Race, (1998). Gender and rhetoric The true state of race and gender relations in corporate America. New York McGraw Hill. Recruitment, retention, and professional development of women faculty a report from the academic issues subcommittee of the provosts committee on the status of women. Informally produce manuscript, John Hopkins University, Maryland, USA. Retrieved from http//www.jhu.edu/news_info/reports/womenfac/report.html