The Underrepresentation of Women in Academic Leadership in the United S

The literature review for this study examines various researches imperative to understanding the context, nature, and consequence of the problem of under agency of women in academic leadership in the United States. Gender inequality allay exists in leadership positions in U.S academia women are still struggling to be at the leadership table despite the progress the U.S. has made in recent times through the process of eliminating discrimination in the workplace (Lapovsky & Slaner, 2009). The review also pulls resources from literatures dealing with assessing the root causes of underrepresentation of female Leaders in the United States, with regards to employment discrimination, societal roles etc. From this review, some notable topics emerged that pulls an in depth analysis of the various factors that influence the underrepresentation of women as leaders in the United States academia. Consequently, research has shown that the number of female presidents have not changed in the beco me 10 years (Lapovsky & Slaner, 2009).Keywords women and leadership, Academic Leaders, US Academia, Leadership Characteristics.Are women underrepresented in leadership role in the U.S Academia? A Literature ReviewA report written in the American Association of University Professors, states that as women pursue academic leadership advancement, the lower the percentage of women in higher leadership roles become. For instance, the representation of woman in leadership roles are as follows Fifty percent of women are lecturers and instructors, forty six percent are represented in avail professor positions, thirty eight percent and twenty three percent are college presidents (ACE, 2007). Furth... ...rative literature review Guidlines and examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356-367. doi 10.1177/1534484305278283Kiamba, J. M. (2008). Womens activism for gender equity in Africa, women and leadership positions. Social and cultural barr iersDue Billing, Y., & Alvesson, M. (1989). Four ways of looking at women and leadership. Scandinavian journal of management, 5(1), 63-80. doi.10.1300/J111v32n03_08Fernandez, J. Race, (1998). Gender and rhetoric The true state of race and gender relations in corporate America. New York McGraw Hill. Recruitment, retention, and professional development of women faculty a report from the academic issues sub commissioning of the provosts committee on the status of women. Informally published manuscript, John Hopkins University, Maryland, USA. Retrieved from http//www.jhu.edu/news_info/reports/womenfac/report.html